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Effects of Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercises Added to Posture and Core Stabilization Training on Pain, Body Awareness and Cardiovascular Parameters in Women with Chronic Non-spesific Neck and Back Pain
This study aimed to investigate additional effect of diaphragmatic breathing exercises on pain, body awareness and cardiovascular parameters in women with chronic non-spesific neck and back pain
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Diapragmatic Breathing Group | Experimental | In addition to postural and core stabilization exercises, participants in the intervention group will perform diaphragmatic breathing exercises over an 8-week period, with sessions conducted twice weekly. Each session will last approximately 40 minutes. |
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| Control Group | Active Comparator | Participants in the control group will receive a routine exercise program consisting of postural and core stabilization exercises for 8 weeks, performed twice weekly. Each session will last approximately 30 minutes. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diapragmatic Breathing | Other | In addition to postural and core stabilization exercises, participants in the intervention group will perform diaphragmatic breathing exercises over an 8-week period, with sessions conducted twice weekly. Each session will last approximately 40 minutes. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Pain intensity | Pain intensity will be assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Participants will be asked to mark the point on a 10-cm scale that best represents the intensity of their pain, where 0 indicates "no pain" and 10 indicates "the worst pain imaginable." The distance (in centimeters) from the 0 point to the participant's mark will be measured and recorded as the VAS score. | Baseline and at 8 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Body awareness | Participants' body awareness will be assessed using the Body Awareness Questionnaire (BAQ). The Turkish version of the questionnaire was adapted by Karaca (2017), who reported excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.91). The BAQ is an 18-item self-report instrument designed to assess individuals' awareness of their own body and internal bodily sensations. Each item is rated on a 7-point Likert scale ranging from 1 ("Never") to 7 ("Always"). Total scores range from 18 to 126, with higher scores indicating greater awareness of bodily signals. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Female with Chronic Non-spesific Neck and Back Pain
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Karadeniz Technical University | Trabzon | Ortahisar | 61080 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001416 | Back Pain |
| D019547 | Neck Pain |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010146 | Pain |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D035061 | Control Groups |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015340 | Epidemiologic Research Design |
| D004812 | Epidemiologic Methods |
| D008919 | Investigative Techniques |
| D012107 | Research Design |
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| Control Group (A): | Other | Participants in the control group will receive a routine exercise program consisting of postural and core stabilization exercises for 8 weeks, performed twice weekly. Each session will last approximately 30 minutes. |
|
| Baselien and at 8 weeks |
| Blood pressure | Participants will be assessed in the seated position after at least 15 minutes of rest. Blood pressure measurements will be obtained twice from the right arm using a manual sphygmomanometer. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure values will be recorded. | Baseline and at 8 weeks |
| Heart rate | Resting heart rate will be measured using a fingertip pulse oximeter | Baseline and 8 weeks |
| D008722 | Methods |