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This study will investigate the effect of high-level headphone sound exposure on cardiorespiratory responses and perceived exertion during a submaximal treadmill exercise test in young healthy individuals. Healthy volunteers aged 18 to 30 years will complete two exercise sessions under two different conditions: zero-sound and high-level sound exposure. Heart rate, oxygen saturation, blood pressure, and perceived exertion will be evaluated before, during, and after exercise.
Portable audio devices and headphones are widely used in daily life, especially by young individuals. High-level sound exposure may affect not only the auditory system but also cardiovascular and respiratory responses. During exercise, auditory stimuli may also influence perceived exertion.
The aim of this study is to examine the effect of high-level headphone sound exposure on cardiorespiratory responses and perceived exertion during submaximal treadmill exercise in young healthy individuals. The study will be conducted in the laboratory of the Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Hamidiye Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences. A total of 38 healthy volunteers aged 18 to 30 years will be included. Each participant will complete both study conditions in random order. In the zero-sound condition, participants will wear headphones without music playback. In the high-level sound condition, participants will listen to the same music file at approximately 80-82 dB using the same headphone model and playback device.
Exercise testing will be performed according to the Ebbeling Single-Stage Submaximal Treadmill Walking Test. The two sessions will be performed on the same day with a 30-minute washout period between conditions. Outcome measures will include heart rate, oxygen saturation, blood pressure, and perceived exertion assessed with the Modified Borg Scale.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| High-Level Headphone Sound Group | Participants perform the submaximal treadmill exercise test under high-level headphone sound exposure (approximately 80 dB LAeq). Cardiopulmonary responses and perceived exertion are assessed during exercise. |
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| No-Sound Control Group | Participants perform the same submaximal treadmill exercise test under a no-sound headphone condition serving as the control. Cardiopulmonary responses and perceived exertion are assessed during exercise. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| High-Level Headphone Sound Exposure | Behavioral | Participants will listen to music at a predefined high sound level via headphones during the submaximal treadmill walking test. Sound intensity will be controlled using a decibel meter to ensure consistency across participants.(approximately 80 dB LAeq). |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Perceived Exertion | Perceived exertion will be assessed using the Modified Borg Scale (Borg Category Ratio Scale, CR10) under zero-sound and high-level sound conditions during submaximal treadmill exercise. The scale ranges from 0 to 10, where higher scores indicate greater perceived exertion. | Baseline (pre-exercise), at the end of each exercise stage, and immediately post-exercise |
| Heart Rate | Heart rate recorded under zero-sound and high-level sound conditions during submaximal treadmill exercise. | Baseline (pre-exercise), at the end of each exercise stage, and immediately post-exercise |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Oxygen Saturation | Oxygen saturation recorded under zero-sound and high-level sound conditions during submaximal treadmill exercise. | Baseline (pre-exercise), at the end of each exercise stage, and immediately post-exercise |
| Blood Pressure |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Healthy young adults aged 18 to 30 years without known disease and without a regular exercise habit.
| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Esra Pehlivan | Contact | 02167778777 | esra.pehlivan@sbu.edu.tr | |
| Duygu Doğanay | Contact | 02167778777 | 2867 | duygudoganay.mail@gmail.com |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001519 | Behavior |
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| No-Sound Headphone Condition | Behavioral | Participants will wear headphones without any sound during the submaximal treadmill walking test. This condition serves as the control for comparison with the high sound exposure condition. |
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Systolic and diastolic blood pressure measured under zero-sound and high-level sound conditions.
| Baseline (pre-exercise), at the end of each exercise stage, and immediately post-exercise |