This retrospective cohort includes patients who underwent mastectomy followed by immediate breast reconstruction with deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap and received closed-incision negative pressure wound therapy (CiNPWT) applied to the mastectomy incision and/or abdominal donor site as part of postoperative wound management.

This retrospective cohort includes patients who underwent mastectomy followed by immediate breast reconstruction with DIEP flap and received conventional postoperative wound dressing according to institutional standard wound care protocol.

Application of a negative pressure wound therapy system over primarily closed surgical incisions to reduce surgical site complications, including infection, seroma formation, wound dehiscence, and delayed wound healing.

Flap survival rate(%), wound complications rate(%), healing time (minute), and length of stay (LOS)(days). Multivariable regression models adjusted for confounders, including BMI 【Body Mass Index ,body weight(kg)/height(m)/height(m)】and neoadjuvant chemotherapy.