This study investigates the influence of genetic polymorphisms in key drug-metabolizing enzymes-CYP2B6, CYP2C9, and UGT1A9-on the individual response to propofol, a widely used intravenous anesthetic, in patients undergoing general anesthesia. Despite propofol's fast onset and favorable recovery profile, significant inter-individual variability exists in its dosing requirements, sedation depth, and adverse effects. Such variability is believed to arise in part from genetic differences that affect drug metabolism and action. This research focuses on identifying how specific gene variants, particularly those linked to poor or altered metabolizer phenotypes, influence clinical outcomes like induction time, recovery time, and safety profiles during anesthesia.

Focusing on the Pakistani population, this research seeks to fill a gap in regional pharmacogenetic data, which is limited but critical for optimizing patient care. By identifying associations between genetic profiles and anesthetic responses, the findings could support the development of personalized anesthesia protocols, improving drug safety and effectiveness. This project has great potential to advance precision medicine in anesthesiology by enabling more personalized therapeutic strategies that are guided by each patient's distinct genetic makeup.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Female & males aged 18-60yrs
• ASA grade 1 & II
• Patient enrolled for elective surgery
• BM1 <35

Exclusion Criteria:

• History of drug allergies
• Any chronic disease such as hepatic, psychiatric & kidney disease.
• History of drug intake (opioids, analgesics)
• History of smoking, alcohol or drug addiction.