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This study aims to evaluate and compare the clinical, biochemical, and microbiological effects of chlorhexidine and Morus nigra (blackberry) mouthwashes used as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing - SRP) in patients with periodontal diseases. The participants will be divided into three groups: a control group receiving only SRP, a group receiving SRP combined with chlorhexidine mouthwash, and a group receiving SRP combined with Morus nigra mouthwash. Clinical periodontal parameters, gingival crevicular fluid levels of inflammatory markers (including TNF-a, IL-1b, and IL-10), and subgingival plaque microbiological profiles (such as red complex bacteria and Fusobacterium) will be evaluated at baseline, 1 month, and 3 months after the treatment.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control Group | Active Comparator | Non-surgical periodontal treatment consisting of full-mouth scaling and root planing (SRP) using ultrasonic and hand instruments. |
|
| Chlorhexidine Group | Experimental | As an adjunct to scaling and root planing, patients will rinse with 15 ml of 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash twice a day (morning and evening) for 1 minute. The duration of the intervention is 14 days. |
|
| Morus Nigra Group | Experimental | As an adjunct to scaling and root planing, patients will rinse with 15 ml of a standardized mouthwash containing 5% Morus nigra extract twice a day (morning and evening) for 1 minute. The duration of the intervention is 14 days. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.12% Chlorhexidine Gluconate Mouthwash | Drug | As an adjunct to SRP, patients were instructed to rinse with 15 ml of 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash twice daily (morning and evening) for 1 minute. The treatment duration was 14 days. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Gingival Index (GI) | Evaluation of gingival inflammation using a scale of 0 to 3. | Baseline (Day 0), 1 month, and 3 months after periodontal treatment. |
| Plaque Index (PI) | Evaluation of plaque accumulation using a scale of 0 to 3. | Baseline (Day 0), 1 month, and 3 months after periodontal treatment. |
| Probing Depth (PD) | Measurement of the distance from the gingival margin to the bottom of the periodontal pocket. | Baseline (Day 0), 1 month, and 3 months after periodontal treatment. |
| Clinical Attachment Level (CAL) | Measurement of the distance from the cementoenamel junction to the bottom of the periodontal pocket. | Baseline (Day 0), 1 month, and 3 months after periodontal treatment. |
| Bleeding on Probing (BOP) | Evaluation of the presence or absence of bleeding within 30 seconds after probing. The result is recorded as a percentage of sites that bleed. | Baseline (Day 0), 1 month, and 3 months after periodontal treatment. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) Inflammatory Markers | Analysis of TNF-a, IL-1b, and IL-10 levels in the gingival crevicular fluid using ELISA (or specific biochemical assay) to evaluate the local inflammatory response | At baseline, 1 month, and 3 months after treatment |
| Change in Subgingival Plaque Microbiological Profile |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inonu University Faculty of Dentistry | Battalgazi | Malatya | 44300 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
De-identified individual participant data that underlie the results reported in the published article will be shared
Data will be available beginning 6 months and ending 36 months following article publication.
Data will be shared with researchers who provide a methodologically sound proposal. Requests for data sharing should be directed to the principal investigator via email
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010518 | Periodontitis |
| D010510 | Periodontal Diseases |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009059 | Mouth Diseases |
| D009057 | Stomatognathic Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014080 | Tooth Exfoliation |
| D016745 | Root Planing |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009063 | Dental Physiological Phenomena |
| D055688 | Digestive System and Oral Physiological Phenomena |
| D012534 | Dental Scaling |
| D003777 | Dental Prophylaxis |
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| 5% Morus Nigra Mouthwash | Drug | As an adjunct to SRP, patients were instructed to rinse with 15 ml of a standardized mouthwash containing 5% Morus nigra extract twice daily (morning and evening) for 1 minute. The treatment duration was 14 days. |
|
| Scaling and Root Planing (SRP) | Procedure | All patients in the study underwent non-surgical periodontal therapy consisting of full-mouth scaling and root planing (SRP) using both ultrasonic devices and hand instruments. |
|
Evaluation of subgingival plaque samples to determine the levels of red complex bacteria and Fusobacterium nucleatum using PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) analysis |
| At baseline, 1 month, and 3 months after treatment |
| D010517 | Periodontics |
| D003813 | Dentistry |
| D013357 | Subgingival Curettage |
| D011313 | Preventive Dentistry |