The goal of this retrospective study is to evaluate the effectiveness of transforaminal epidural steroid injections (TFESI) in patients with radicular low back pain caused by lumbar disc herniation who did not improve with conservative treatment.

The main questions it aims to answer are:

How effective is TFESI in reducing pain and improving physical function over a three-month period?

Can this procedure serve as a viable alternative to surgery for patients with persistent radiculopathy?

Participants aged 18 to 90 underwent image-guided injections and were monitored for three months. Researchers tracked changes in their pain levels (using the Visual Analog Scale) and their ability to perform daily activities (using the Oswestry Disability Index) to determine the treatment's success.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Between 18 and 90 years,
• Presence of Low Back Pain with unilateral or bilateral pain radiating to the lower extremity,
• Duration of symptoms for at least three months and unresponsive to conservative management,
• Evidence of lumbar intervertebral disc herniation confirmed by MRI within the last six months

Exclusion Criteria:

• Prior lumbar ESI within 3 months,
• History of polyneuropathy or entrapment neuropathy,
• Presence of bleeding diathesis,
• Systemic or local infections,
• Having systemic and rheumatic diseases associated with peripheral nerve involvement.

We included 252 patients admitted to unilateral or bilateral radiating pain in the lower extremity associated with Low Back Pain.