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Study Purpose:
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of adding core muscle strengthening exercises to a hip- and knee-focused exercise program on pain intensity, dynamic knee valgus (DKV), and functional outcomes in female patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS).
Research Question:
Does adding core muscle strengthening exercises to a hip- and knee-focused exercise program have an effect on pain intensity, dynamic knee valgus (DKV), and functional outcomes in female patients with PFPS?
Detailed Description:
Therefore, the current study aims to investigate the effect of adding core muscle strengthening exercises to a hip- and knee-focused exercise program on pain intensity, dynamic knee valgus (DKV), and functional outcomes in female patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS).
The findings of this study may provide a more effective rehabilitation program for female patients with PFPS, support the use of validated outcome measures in clinical practice, and improve symptom management during activities of daily living and functional recovery within a shorter period of time. This combined approach may be more efficient than the conventional hip- and knee-focused exercise program alone. Systematic assessment and monitoring of patient outcomes are recommended to guide clinical decision-making.
Study Delimitations:
This study will be delimited to:
Female patients clinically diagnosed with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). Thirty-six participants aged 19-35 years with body mass index (BMI) up to 25 kg/m².
Assessment procedures including Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for knee pain, dynamic knee valgus (DKV) measured using Kinovea software, and the Knee Outcome Survey-Activities of Daily Living Scale (KOS-ADLS) for knee function.
Treatment procedures:
Group A (control group): hip- and knee-focused exercise program. Group B (study group): hip- and knee-focused exercise program in addition to core muscle stability exercises.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| control group hip and knee focused exercises program | Active Comparator | Open kinetic chain exercises including side-lying hip abduction, hip external rotation (clamshell), prone hip extension, short arc quadriceps, and straight leg raises
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| Study group hip and knee focused exercises program in addition to core muscle training exercises | Experimental | participants who will received the same exercise program as control group, in addition to core muscle training exercises, including the front plank, side plank, and dead bug exercises |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Core Muscle Stability Exercise Program | Behavioral | core muscle training exercises, including the front plank, side plank, and dead bug exercises |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Pain Intensity During Motion | Pain intensity during movement will be assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The VAS is a 10-cm scale ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst imaginable pain). Higher scores indicate greater pain intensity. | Baseline (pre-intervention) and at 6 weeks (post-intervention) |
| Knee Function | Knee function will be assessed using the Knee Outcome Survey (KOS). The KOS score ranges from 0 to 100, where higher scores indicate better knee function. | Baseline (pre-intervention) and at 6 weeks (post-intervention) |
| Pain Intensity at Rest | Pain intensity at rest will be assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The VAS is a 10-cm scale ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst imaginable pain). Higher scores indicate greater pain intensity. | Baseline (pre-intervention) and at 6 weeks (post-intervention) |
| Dynamic Knee Valgus (DKV) | Dynamic knee valgus will be assessed by measuring the knee valgus angle in degrees during functional tasks. Higher values indicate greater valgus deviation and poorer knee alignment. | Baseline (pre-intervention) and at 6 weeks (post-intervention) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
4-Presence of pronated foot.
female participants diagnosed and referred with PFPS (retropatellar knee pain lasting more than 6 weeks
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Radwa M Hussien, Pt, PhD | Cairo University - Faculty of Physical Therapy | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cairo University - Faculty of Physical Therapy | Giza | Giza Governorate | 12613 | Egypt |
There is no plan to share individual participant data (IPD) from this study. All collected data will remain confidential and will not be made publicly available in order to protect participant privacy and comply with ethical regulations.
Access Criteria:
Not applicable, as individual participant data will not be shared.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010146 | Pain |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010208 | Papaverine |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D044182 | Benzylisoquinolines |
| D000470 | Alkaloids |
| D006571 | Heterocyclic Compounds |
| D053610 | Opiate Alkaloids |
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This study uses a parallel assignment interventional model in which participants are allocated into two groups. The intervention group receives a core muscle stability exercise program, while the control group receives conventional physiotherapy. Both groups are treated concurrently throughout the study period, and outcomes are assessed before and after the intervention.
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Double-blinded study in which both participants and physiotherapists are unaware of group allocation due to the similarity of intervention protocols.
| hip and knee-focused exercise program | Behavioral | Open kinetic chain exercises including side-lying hip abduction, hip external rotation (clamshell), prone hip extension, short arc quadriceps, and straight leg raises (Khayambashi et al., 2012) ( Dolak et al., 2011).
|
|
| D007546 |
| Isoquinolines |
| D006574 | Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring |
| D000072471 | Heterocyclic Compounds, Fused-Ring |