Standard care exercise program for patellofemoral pain. Participants receive 24 supervised sessions (3 sessions/week for 8 weeks), ~45-60 minutes/session." (If you want 1 extra line: "Exercises follow a conventional PFP program based on Baldon et al.")

Functional stabilization/neuromuscular training to optimize movement patterns and dynamic alignment. 24 supervised sessions (3/week for 8 weeks), ~45-60 minutes/session. Includes warm-up/cool-down (~15 min) and ~45 min exercises. Intensity/progression increases every 2 weeks; exercises progress from ~2 sets (10-20 reps) with ~5-sec isometric holds to ~3 sets of ~12 reps with ~10-sec holds and added external load (weights/elastic resistance)

Comprehensive corrective exercise program targeting strength, flexibility, neuromuscular control, and alignment across the kinetic chain for dynamic knee valgus. 24 supervised sessions (3/week for 8 weeks), ~45-60 minutes/session. Three phases: weeks 1-2 sensorimotor/non-weight-bearing alignment + feedback + isometrics; weeks 3-6 progressive weight-bearing with increased load/complexity and emphasis on co-contraction/reciprocal activation; weeks 7-8 functional tasks to maintain gains and challenge multi-planar control. Visual/verbal/tactile feedback provided; progression only with correct technique

Supervised standard care exercise therapy for patellofemoral pain, delivered 3 sessions/week for 8 weeks (24 sessions), ~45-60 minutes/session.

Change in peak knee abduction (valgus) angle of the stance limb measured using a 3D motion capture system (Vicon) during functional tasks (single-leg squat and drop/vertical jump landing). Lower values indicate reduced dynamic knee valgus.

Change in peak hip adduction, peak hip internal rotation, contralateral pelvic drop, and trunk lateral lean during the functional tasks measured by 3D motion capture.

Change in patient-reported knee function using the Arabic Kujala Patellofemoral Scale (0-100)