The goal of this observational study is to learn about the long-term effects of key factors such as cognitive flexibility, social support, and physiological stress on the occurrence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in adult trauma patients treated in the emergency department. The main question it aims to answer is:

Among emergency department patients who have experienced major trauma, can factors such as early post-trauma cognitive flexibility, level of social support, inflammatory markers, and trauma severity predict the development of PTSD within 6 months? Participants will complete a series of online questionnaires and clinical assessments at baseline, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after the traumatic event.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age between 18 and 65 years old (inclusive);
• Experienced a life-threatening major traumatic event, clearly diagnosed by a clinician;
• The patient is able to communicate normally with medical staff through language;
• The subject is fully informed and voluntarily signs the informed consent form.

Exclusion Criteria:

• History of psychiatric disorders or current use of psychotropic medications;
• Pre-existing cognitive impairment (e.g., dementia, Alzheimer's disease);
• Terminal illnesses (such as advanced malignant tumors, end-stage organ failure, advanced neurological diseases, or any other condition judged by the attending physician to have a life expectancy of less than 6 months);
• Inability to cooperate with follow-up.

This study is a single-center, prospective cohort study that plans to enroll a total of 250 adult trauma patients. The study subjects will be trauma patients seeking treatment at the Emergency Department of Xijing Hospital from January 2026 to December 2026.