This prospective observational study aims to evaluate the pattern, clinical presentation, complications, and short-term outcomes of neonates admitted with gastrointestinal emergencies to the NICU at Assiut University Children Hospital. Data will be collected from admission through discharge, including demographic, antenatal, natal, clinical, nutritional, laboratory, and radiological information, to identify the most common emergencies and factors associated with adverse outcomes.

This prospective observational cohort study will be conducted at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Assiut University Children Hospital. The study aims to evaluate the pattern, clinical presentation, complications, and short-term outcomes of neonatal gastrointestinal emergencies.

Eligible neonates will be enrolled consecutively from admission until discharge. Both term and preterm neonates will be included. Data will be systematically collected on demographic characteristics, antenatal and natal history, clinical presentation, feeding practices, laboratory investigations, and radiological findings.

Management approaches, including medical and surgical interventions, will be documented. Patients will be followed throughout their hospital stay to assess outcomes, including recovery, complications, need for surgical intervention, and mortality.

The study also aims to identify the most common types of gastrointestinal emergencies and determine the clinical and demographic factors associated with adverse outcomes among affected neonates.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Neonates aged 0-28 days (corrected age if preterm)
• Admitted to the NICU with a clinical diagnosis of a gastrointestinal emergency requiring urgent intervention
• Written informed consent obtained from parent(s) or legal guardian(s)

Exclusion Criteria:

• Other gastrointestinal problems not requiring urgent intervention

Neonates admitted to the NICU at Assiut University Children Hospital with gastrointestinal emergencies, including both term and preterm infants from 28 weeks gestational age, observed from admission through discharge.