There are many causes of admission of neonates in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.So knowing such causes and their outcomes will give us knowledge about different risk factors of each disease and the prognosis of each cause.

The rapid decline in neonatal mortality during the past 4 decades has been attributed to improvements in neonatal intensive care. This decline was attributable to improved condition of the infants on NICU(Neonatal Intensive Care Unit) admission (improved birth weight, higher Apgar scores, and better physiologic ability).

There are multiple risk factors related to admission of newborns at NICU as low birth weight , neonatal sepsis , hypothermia , hypoglycemia , respiratory distress and other factors. These risk factors are also considered as causes of death beside prematurity and congenital malformations.

One of the most important risk factors for admission and is considered as a major cause of death is premature infants. Neonatal intensive care has become a cornerstone for treatment of premature infants worldwide.

Another group is low birth weight (LBW) infants. LBW babies face increased risk of a myriad of physical and developmental problems. Before the era of neonatal intensive care units, few VLBW infants survived. Today, babies who weigh as little as a pound and developed in the uterus for as early as 26 weeks have been known to survive. LBW babies need high cost of intensive neonatal care and adequate nursing coverage.

Neonatal respiratory morbidity in term infants is another cause of admission and death in neonates and is multifactorial in aetiology.

Neonatal sepsis as well is one of the most common reasons for admission to neonatal units in developing countries. It is also a major cause of mortality in both developed and developing countries.

Hypoglycaemia also plays an important role as it accounts for approximately one-tenth of term admissions to neonatal units can cause long-term neurodevelopmental impairment and is associated with the significant burden to the affected infants, families and the health system.

Knowing the disease patterns and causes in the neonatology unit and the disease-wise outcome can inform the required efforts to reduce morbidity and mortality. Thus, in this study we will assess the causes and risk factors for neonatal admission at NICU of Assuit University Children Hospital (AUCH) and the outcome of them.

Inclusion Criteria:

• All neonates delivered in Assuit University Hospital and admitted at NICU of Assuit University Children Hospital.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients delivered outside Assuit University Hospital.
• Patients with missing diagnosis or died before reaching diagnosis.
• Patients with missing clinical outcomes.
• Patients admitted for observation and discharged at the same day of admission.

Neonates delivered in Assuit University Hospital and need admission in neonatology unit of Assuit University Children Hospital.