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This study evaluates whether a multi-component nursing model based on self-efficacy theory can alleviate psychological distress, mitigate pain, and improve the quality of life (QoL) in lung cancer patients undergoing CyberKnife stereotactic radiosurgery compared to routine nursing care.
Lung cancer patients undergoing CyberKnife stereotactic radiosurgery often experience significant psychological distress, including profound fear and anxiety, as well as pain, which negatively impacts their quality of life. This single-center, prospective, randomized controlled trial investigated a structured nursing intervention based on Albert Bandura's self-efficacy theory. A total of 300 lung cancer patients scheduled for CyberKnife treatment were randomly assigned (1:1 ratio) to an intervention group or a control group. The control group received standard medical and routine nursing care. The intervention group received a multi-component nursing model in addition to routine care. The intervention included cognitive-behavioral strategies, psychological support, role model encouragement, functional exercise guidance, social support system enhancement, and self-management training, which was initiated upon admission and continued for 4 weeks. The primary hypothesis is that this theory-based approach will significantly improve general self-efficacy, reduce symptom burden (anxiety and pain), and enhance overall quality of life compared to standard care.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Self-Efficacy Nursing Group | Experimental | Patients received routine nursing care plus a structured, multi-component nursing intervention based on self-efficacy theory. The core components delivered over 4 weeks included: cognitive-behavioral education (to correct misconceptions and set realistic goals), psychological support (active listening and guided relaxation), role-model encouragement (sharing experiences of successful patients), functional exercise guidance (gentle breathing and physical activity), reinforcement of social support systems, and self-management skill training (symptom monitoring and action plans). |
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| Control Group | Active Comparator | Patients received standard medical care and routine nursing care. This included standard pre-treatment education regarding the CyberKnife procedure, basic symptom monitoring and management, general psychological support during routine interactions, and standard discharge planning. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Self-Efficacy Theory-Based Nursing Model | Behavioral | Patients received routine nursing care plus a structured, multi-component nursing intervention based on self-efficacy theory. The core components delivered over 4 weeks included: cognitive-behavioral education (to correct misconceptions and set realistic goals), psychological support (active listening and guided relaxation), role-model encouragement (sharing experiences of successful patients), functional exercise guidance (gentle breathing and physical activity), reinforcement of social support systems, and self-management skill training (symptom monitoring and action plans). |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in General Self-Efficacy | Change in general self-efficacy was assessed using the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES). The GSES is a 10-item psychometric scale where each item is rated on a 4-point Likert scale. Total scores range from 10 to 40, with higher scores indicating greater perceived self-efficacy to cope with difficulties. | Baseline and 4 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Anxiety Level | Change in anxiety level was measured using the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS). The SAS is a 20-item self-report questionnaire with a standardized index score ranging from 25 to 100. Higher scores indicate greater anxiety levels. | Baseline and 4 weeks |
| Change in Pain Intensity |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First Hospital of Hebei Medical University | Shijiazhuang | Hebei | 050000 | China |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008175 | Lung Neoplasms |
| D001008 | Anxiety Disorders |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012142 | Respiratory Tract Neoplasms |
| D013899 | Thoracic Neoplasms |
| D009371 | Neoplasms by Site |
| D009369 | Neoplasms |
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| Routine Nursing Care | Behavioral | Patients received standard medical care and routine nursing care. This included standard pre-treatment education regarding the CyberKnife procedure, basic symptom monitoring and management, general psychological support during routine interactions, and standard discharge planning. |
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Change in pain intensity was measured using a 10cm Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Scores range from 0 ("no pain") to 10 ("worst imaginable pain"). |
| Baseline and 4 weeks |
| Change in Quality of Life (Physical Component Summary) | Change in the Physical Component Summary (PCS) of the Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36). Scores are transformed to a 0-100 scale, with higher scores indicating better physical health-related quality of life. | Baseline and 4 weeks |
| Change in Quality of Life (Mental Component Summary) | Change in the Mental Component Summary (MCS) of the Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36). Scores are transformed to a 0-100 scale, with higher scores indicating better mental health-related quality of life. | Baseline and 4 weeks |
| D008171 |
| Lung Diseases |
| D012140 | Respiratory Tract Diseases |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |