The intervention measures followed the principles and processes of cognitive-behavioral therapy. Three intervention sessions were conducted over a period of eight weeks. The first session lasted 90 minutes, while the subsequent sessions (in weeks 4 and 8) lasted 45 minutes each and were conducted face-to-face by the therapist.

After the intervention period for the patients, the change in the HADS (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) total score was assessed based on the scoring criteria, comparing the scores to the baseline.

The HADS scoring ranges are as follows:

Total Score Range: 0 to 42； Anxiety Subscale (HADS-A): 0 to 21； Depression Subscale (HADS-D): 0 to 21；

Score Interpretation:

0-7: Normal range, typically indicating no significant anxiety or depression symptoms.； 8-10: Mild anxiety or depression, may warrant monitoring; 11-14: Moderate anxiety or depression, further assessment or intervention is advisable; 15 and above: Severe anxiety or depression, usually requiring professional mental health intervention; In summary, higher scores on the HADS indicate more severe symptoms of anxiety or depression.

The QLQ-C30 (European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30) is a tool designed to assess the quality of life in cancer patients. It consists of 30 items covering various dimensions of quality of life, including functional status, symptoms, and overall health status.

Score Range:

Functional Status:

Maximum Score: 100 Minimum Score: 0.

Symptoms:

Maximum Score: 100 (note: higher scores indicate worse symptoms) Minimum Score: 0.

Overall Health Status:

Maximum Score: 100 Minimum Score: 0.

Evaluating Treatment Effects: Comparing scores before and after treatment to assess the impact on quality of life.

Clinical Research: As a standard tool for assessing quality of life in cancer studies.

Patient Management: Helping healthcare providers identify specific patient needs to optimize treatment plans.

Peripheral venous blood samples were collected from enrolled patients at baseline and at weeks 0, 4, 8, and 12 after intervention. The stress biomarkers tested include the concentrations of adrenaline, norepinephrine, cortisol, and adrenocorticotropic hormone. The patient needs to lie on their back for 15 minutes before blood collection, and must avoid drinking alcohol, coffee, and smoking for 12 hours before blood collection. After collection, the blood sample should be immediately sent to the laboratory for analysis.