After the baseline diary period, participants provide 4 personalized trauma-related cue images. Participants then perform a continuous bilateral eye-movement task while being concurrently exposed to subliminally presented, masked personalized trauma-related cue images provided by themselves. This condition serves as a high-specificity anchor condition while reducing participant burden associated with providing larger numbers of trauma-related images.

After the baseline diary period, participants perform the same continuous bilateral eye-movement task while being concurrently exposed to subliminally presented, masked pre-selected neutral images unrelated to trauma. This condition uses 8 neutral images and serves as an active control for the general effects of visual stimulation and eye movements while minimizing trauma-related cue activation.

This 7-item questionnaire assesses a number of intrusive memory characteristics. These characteristics include: frequency (7-point categorical response from 'never' to 'many times a day'); distress (0=not at all to 10=extremely); disruption to concentration (0=not at all to 10=extremely); interference with what you were doing (how much (0=not at all to 10=extremely) and for how long (6-point categorical response from '<1min' to '>60mins')); impact on work functioning (0=not at all to 10=extremely); impact on functioning in other areas of life (0=not at all to 10=extremely).

A 2-item questionnaire assessed participants' immediate subjective experience after each intervention session: distress experienced during the procedure (0=not at all to 10=very); acceptability of the intervention task

The PCL-5 is a 20-item self-report questionnaire that assesses the presence and severity of PTSD symptoms experienced in the past month. Each of the 20 items is rated on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (Not at all) to 4 (Extremely). The total symptom severity score is calculated by summing the scores of all 20 items. The total score ranges from 0 to 80. Higher scores indicate greater severity of PTSD symptoms. (Note: A 5-point change represents a minimum threshold for treatment response, and a 10-point change indicates a clinically meaningful improvement).

The IES-R is a 22-item self-report questionnaire designed to measure subjective distress caused by traumatic events during the past seven days. It assesses three domains of post-traumatic stress: intrusion, avoidance, and hyperarousal. Each of the 22 items is rated on a 5-point scale according to symptom severity: 0 (Not at all), 1 (A little bit), 2 (Moderately), 3 (Quite a bit), and 4 (Extremely). The total score is calculated by summing the scores of all 22 items, yielding a total score range from 0 to 88. Lower scores indicate less distress, while higher scores indicate more severe post-traumatic stress symptoms. A total score of 33 or over signifies the likely presence of PTSD.

The Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) is a 21-item self-report instrument used to assess the existence and severity of depressive symptoms, covering emotional (e.g., sadness, hopelessness), cognitive (e.g., self-reproach, worthlessness), somatic (e.g., fatigue, appetite loss), and behavioral (e.g., loss of interest, social withdrawal) dimensions. Each of the 21 items consists of four statements describing increasing levels of severity, rated on a 4-point scale ranging from 0 (not present) to 3 (severe). The total score is calculated by summing the scores of all 21 items, with a total score range from 0 to 63. Higher scores indicate more severe depressive symptoms.

The State Anxiety subscale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Form Y-I, S-AI) comprises items 1 to 20 of the inventory. Half of the items describe negative emotions and the other half describe positive emotions. It is designed to evaluate immediate or recent situational experiences of fear, tension, worry, and nervousness, making it particularly useful for assessing state anxiety under stressful conditions. Each of the 20 items is rated on a 4-point scale: 1 (not at all), 2 (somewhat), 3 (moderately so), and 4 (very much so). The S-AI total score is calculated by summing the 20 items, yielding a total score range from 20 to 80. Higher scores reflect a greater severity of the subject's current state anxiety symptoms.

The WSAS is a 5-item self-report scale designed to measure the degree of functional impairment in day-to-day activities (work, home management, social leisure, private leisure, and close relationships). Each of the 5 items is rated on a 9-point scale ranging from 0 (Not at all impaired) to 8 (Very severely impaired). The total score is calculated by summing the scores of all 5 items, yielding a total score range from 0 to 40. Lower scores indicate better functioning, while higher scores indicate greater functional impairment. Clinical thresholds are: below 10 (subclinical), 10 to 20 (significant functional impairment), and above 20 (moderately severe or worse psychopathology).

The BSL-23 is a 23-item self-report instrument designed to assess the severity of borderline personality disorder symptomatology over the past week, based on the criteria established by Bohus et al. (2009). Each item is rated on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 0 ("not at all") to 4 ("very strong"). The score is calculated as the mean of all valid items (sum of scores divided by the number of answered items). The resulting score ranges from 0.0 to 4.0, where higher scores indicate a greater severity of borderline symptoms. Additionally, the scale includes a visual analog scale (VAS) to assess the participant's overall personal state during the past week, ranging from 0% (absolutely down) to 100% (excellent), which is recorded as a supplementary indicator.

Description: Number of intrusive memories of traumatic event(s) recorded by participants in a brief daily online diary for 7 days.

Number of trauma-related intrusive memories assessed via a single item.

At each intervention, participants are asked whether they perceived any image via a single-item binary choice (Yes/No). If the response is "Yes," an open-ended verbal description is required.