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The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of nomophobia levels on stress, food addiction, and body image among undergraduate students aged 18-30 at Bahçeşehir University, Faculty of Health Sciences. The primary questions it aims to answer are:
The data collection process for this study will involve undergraduate students aged 18-30 at Bahçeşehir University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Participants will first complete a survey consisting of a socio-demographic form, daily screen time tracking, the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q), the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS), and the Stunkard Figure Rating Scale (FRS) to assess subjective body image.To ensure the accuracy of the biological data, participants will be required to follow a standardized measurement protocol, including at least 8 hours of fasting, avoidance of heavy physical activity prior to the assessment, and the removal of all metal accessories. Under these conditions, objective physical data will be gathered using the InBody 270 body composition analyzer via Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) to record body weight (kg), body fat percentage (%), and skeletal muscle mass (kg). Additionally, anthropometric measurements including waist and hip circumferences (cm) will be manually collected using a standardized non-elastic tape to calculate Body Mass Index (BMI) and Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR). These objective metrics will be compared with the participants' subjective survey responses to analyze the impact of nomophobia on body image distortion, stress levels, and eating behaviors.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| University Students | Participants (n:150) will complete questionnaires assessing nomophobia, perceived stress, body image, and food addiction. In addition, objective anthropometric measurements, including body composition (fat mass, muscle mass) via Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (InBody 270) and waist-to-hip ratio measurements, will be collected. No drugs or treatments are administered. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Questionnaires on Nomophobia, Perceived Stress, Body Image, and Food Addiction; Body Composition and Anthropometric Measurements via Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis | Other | Participants will complete self-report questionnaires including the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), Body Image Questionnaire (BIQ), Food Addiction Scale (YFAS 2.0), and the Stunkard Figure Rating Scale (FRS). Objective anthropometric measurements, including body composition using InBody 270 and waist-to-hip ratio, will also be obtained. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Nomophobia | The level of nomophobia experienced by participants, measured using the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q). This form aims to assess your feelings and thoughts when you cannot access your smartphone or are away from it, a condition known as nomophobia. There are no right or wrong answers; what matters is answering honestly based on your own experience. Indicate your level of agreement with each statement about your smartphone use (1 = strongly agree, 7 = strongly disagree). | Baseline |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Perceived Stress | The level of stress perceived by participants, measured using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Below are a series of questions about your personal experiences over the past month. Please read each question carefully and mark the box under the option that best reflects you. There are no right or wrong answers; what matters is that you respond in a way that reflects your own feelings and thoughts. Never - Almost Never - Sometimes - Quite Often - Very Often |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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The study population consists of university students who are active smartphone users and have provided informed consent. Participants do not have pacemakers, metallic prostheses, or pregnancy, and they do not have diagnosed metabolic disorders (e.g., Cushing's syndrome, diabetes, thyroid disorders) or psychiatric conditions that could affect eating behavior. Individuals with current eating disorders, severe psychiatric diagnoses, regular use of psychiatric medications, recent corticosteroid or hormone therapy, or those who do not complete the questionnaires and measurement procedures are excluded.
| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beyza Terzioğlu | Contact | +90 212 381 91 52 | beyzaterziogluu@gmail.com | |
| Ecenur Özkul Erdoğan | Contact | +90 212 381 91 89 | ecenur.ozkul@bau.edu.tr |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Beyza Terzioğlu | Bahçeşehir University | Principal Investigator |
| Ecenur Özkul Erdoğan, PhD | Bahçeşehir University | Study Chair |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bahçeşehir University, Faculty of Health Sciences | Recruiting | Istanbul | beşiktaş | 34353 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
No individual participant data (IPD) will be shared with other researchers. Individual-level data will remain confidential in accordance with data protection regulations (e.g., KVKK); however, aggregated data, summary statistics, and group-level results may be reported in publications and presentations.
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| Baseline |
| Body Image | Self-perceived body image assessed using the Stunkard Figure Rating Scale (FRS), where participants select a figure that best represents their current and ideal body shape. The images in this section are designed to assess individuals' body perception. Below are figures representing different body types. Please examine these figures carefully and select the one that you think best represents you at the moment. There are no right or wrong answers in this study; what matters is reflecting your own perception as accurately as possible. | Baseline |
| Food Addiction | Assessment of addictive eating behaviors using the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (YFAS 2.0). This questionnaire asks about your eating habits over the past year. People sometimes have difficulty controlling their intake of certain foods, such as;
When the following questions refer to SPECIFIC FOODS, please think of ANY foods similar to those listed in each category, or ANY OTHER foods that you may have had problems with during the past year. | Baseline |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D057215 | Body Dysmorphic Disorders |
| D000073932 | Food Addiction |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D013001 | Somatoform Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
| D016739 | Behavior, Addictive |
| D003192 | Compulsive Behavior |
| D007175 | Impulsive Behavior |
| D001519 | Behavior |
| D001068 | Feeding and Eating Disorders |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001823 | Body Composition |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001669 | Biochemical Phenomena |
| D055598 | Chemical Phenomena |
| D008660 | Metabolism |
| D001824 | Body Constitution |
| D010829 | Physiological Phenomena |
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