From Global Balance Metrics to Plane-Specific Signatures: Identifying Postural Instability Phenotypes in Females

From Global Balance Metrics to Plane-Specific Signatures: Identifying Postural Instability Phenotypes in Females

The main aim of this study was to evaluate anterior-posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML) stability, examine proportional stability, and explore associations with BMI in healthy young adult females.

Postural stability is essential for functional performance and injury prevention, with directional control influenced by neuromuscular and anthropometric factors. Limited data exist on proportional stability patterns and their relationship with body mass index (BMI). Therefore, the main aim of this study was to evaluate anterior-posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML) stability, examine proportional stability, and explore associations with BMI in healthy young adult females.

Inclusion Criteria:

• a relatively uniform and non-clinical population

Exclusion Criteria:

• any history of neurological disorders, vestibular dysfunction, musculoskeletal injuries affecting the lower limbs or spine within the preceding six months
• or any condition known to impair balance. Individuals with visual impairments not corrected by lenses
• taking medications that could influence neuromuscular performance or postural control
• those engaged in specialized balance training or high-level athletic activities were also excluded to minimize potential confounding effects.