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This study aims to examine the effects of a 6-week sport-specific visual and vestibular training program on athletes' reaction time and dynamic balance, while comparing outcomes with a control group to determine the extent to which the training contributes to performance improvements.
This pre-test and post-test experimental study will include 20 open-skill athletes randomly divided into two groups (n = 10 each): a control group and an intervention group.
The intervention group will participate in a 6-week sport-specific visual and vestibular training program conducted twice weekly, while the control group will continue their regular training and receive a one-time visual-vestibular educational brochure and online session. Reaction time and dynamic balance will be assessed at baseline and after the 6-week period. Reaction time will be measured using the Light Trainer system and dynamic/static balance will be evaluated using the ProKin 252 device.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control Group | No Intervention | Participants continue their regular training routines and, at the start of the study, receive a one-time visual-vestibular-based educational brochure and online session. | |
| Experimental Group | Experimental | Participants in this group will participate in a 6-week sport-specific visual and vestibular training program performed twice per week in addition to their regular training. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pinhole Glass Training | Other | Participants work in 5-person groups using pinhole glasses to restrict peripheral vision, performing a continuous 5-minute ball-passing exercise using both upper and lower extremities.The exercise is repeated three times over a period of six weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Simple Motor Reaction Time Test | Reaction time will be evaluated by Light Trainer system | 6 weeks |
| Hit the Dots Test | Recognition Reaction Time will be evaluated by this test | 6 weeks |
| Trail Making Test (Part B) | Cognitive Reaction Time (CRT) will be evaluated by this test | 6 weeks |
| ProKin 252, TecnoBody® Dynamic Balance Evaluation | Mediolateral Balance Index, Anteroposterior Balance Index and Overall Stability Index will be evaluated by this test | 6 weeks |
| ProKin 252, TecnoBody® Static Balance Evaluation | Single leg and double leg static balance will be evaluated | 6 weeks |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yeditepe University | Ataşehir | Istanbul | Turkey (Türkiye) |
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| T-Drill Agility Exercise | Other | Participants complete a T-shaped course with BlazePod® lights, reacting to randomly illuminated cones and returning to the center; the exercise is repeated three times. The exercise is repeated three times over a period of six weeks |
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| Letter Tracking Station | Other | Participants perform Eye Letter Saccades tasks by reading sequences of letters and numbers with eye movements while performing rapid lower limb stepping; a ball is caught at the 20th second, repeated three times. The exercise is repeated three times over a period of six weeks. |
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| Sport-Specific Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex Training | Other | Participants fixate on a target while moving their head up and down and stepping rapidly; a ball is caught at the 20th second, repeated three times. The exercise is repeated three times over a period of six weeks |
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