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This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a virtual reality (VR)-based transitional care program for adult survivors of intensive care unit (ICU) care. ICU survivors frequently experience relocation stress, anxiety, pain, and physiological instability after transfer from the ICU to general wards, which may increase the risk of unplanned ICU readmission.
Participants will be randomly assigned to receive either standard transitional care or additional VR-based intervention sessions during their ICU stay. The VR intervention is designed to provide psychological support, environmental orientation, and stress reduction.
Primary outcomes include short-term physiological indicators within 48 hours after ICU transfer. Secondary outcomes include pain, relocation stress, and unplanned ICU readmission within 7 days.
This is a single-center, randomized controlled trial designed to investigate the effects of a virtual reality (VR)-based transitional care intervention on physiological stability and psychological adaptation among adult ICU survivors.
Critically ill patients often experience relocation stress syndrome following transfer from the ICU to general wards. This transition period is associated with increased anxiety, pain perception, autonomic imbalance, and a higher risk of unplanned ICU readmission.
Eligible participants will be randomized using block randomization into the intervention or control group. The intervention group will receive three VR sessions during their ICU stay in addition to standard transitional care. The control group will receive standard care alone.
The primary outcome is short-term physiological stability measured within 48 hours after ICU transfer. Secondary outcomes include heart rate variability parameters, pain intensity, relocation stress, and unplanned ICU readmission within 7 days.
This study seeks to determine whether VR-assisted transitional care can enhance recovery, reduce stress-related responses, and improve patient outcomes following ICU discharge.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| VR Intervention Group | Experimental | Participants receive standard transitional care plus three VR sessions during ICU stay. |
|
| Standard Care Group | No Intervention | Participants receive standard ICU transitional care without VR intervention. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Virtual Reality-Based Transitional Care | Behavioral | Participants assigned to this arm will receive three structured virtual reality (VR) sessions during their ICU stay in addition to standard transitional care. Each VR session is designed to provide environmental orientation, psychological support, and stress reduction through immersive audiovisual content. The intervention aims to improve short-term physiological stability and reduce relocation stress following ICU transfer. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Heart Rate Variability - RMSSD | Heart rate variability measured using the Root Mean Square of Successive Differences (RMSSD) derived from electrocardiographic recordings. | Within 48 hours after transfer from the ICU to the general ward |
| Heart Rate Variability - High Frequency Power | Heart rate variability measured using high-frequency (HF) power derived from electrocardiographic recordings. | Within 48 hours after transfer from the ICU to the general ward |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Pain Intensity | Pain intensity will be assessed using the Defense and Veterans Pain Rating Scale (DVPRS), a numeric rating scale ranging from 0 to 10, where 0 indicates no pain and 10 indicates the worst possible pain. | Within 48 hours after ICU transfer |
| Unplanned ICU Readmission |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yu-Ling Yang, RN, NP | Contact | +886-2-25433535 | yihannurse@gmail.com | |
| Yu-Ling Yang, RN, NP | Contact | +886-2-25433535 | yihanurse@gmail.com |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Te-Yu Wu, PhD | MacKay Medical University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MacKay Memorial Hospital | Taipei | Taipei City | 104 | Taiwan | ||
| MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui Branch |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D016638 | Critical Illness |
| D013315 | Stress, Psychological |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020969 | Disease Attributes |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D001526 | Behavioral Symptoms |
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Participants will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either the VR intervention group or the standard care control group using block randomization.
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|
Occurrence of unplanned readmission to the ICU within 7 days after transfer to the general ward. |
| Within 7 days after ICU transfer |
| Relocation Stress | Relocation stress will be assessed using the Relocation Stress Syndrome Scale - Short Form (RSSS-SF). The scale consists of items rated on a Likert scale, with higher scores indicating greater relocation stress. | Within 48 hours after ICU transfer |
| New Taipei City |
| 251 |
| Taiwan |
|
| D001519 | Behavior |