This study looked at two different medicines used during local anesthesia to control pain after surgery. Investigators compared bupivacaine alone with bupivacaine mixed with tramadol. Both medicines are commonly used to numb the surgical area and reduce pain.

The investigators included 100 adult patients who had minor surgeries under local anesthesia. Half received only bupivacaine, and the other half received bupivacaine combined with tramadol. After surgery, patients were asked to rate their pain at 4, 8, and 24 hours.

The results showed that patients who received bupivacaine with tramadol felt less pain, especially at 24 hours after surgery, compared to those who received bupivacaine alone.

In simple words:

Adding tramadol to bupivacaine helps reduce pain better than bupivacaine alone.

This method may help patients recover faster, feel more comfortable, and need fewer pain medicines after surgery.

Inclusion Criteria:

• All patients undergoing elective procedure under local anesthesia
• Either gender.
• Age 18-60 years.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Procedures Under general anesthesia.
• Diabetic patients, assessed by history and clinically and HbA1c >6.5%
• Patients with metastatic disease, assessed by history, clinically and by imaging.
• Patients who are I/V opioid abusers will be excluded.

Individual Participant Data (IPD) will not be shared because the dataset contains potentially identifiable clinical information collected from a relatively small study population. Participants did not provide explicit consent for public data sharing beyond the purposes of this study. In addition, the data are being used solely for predefined analyses, and there are no current plans for secondary analyses requiring external data access. Aggregate results will be published to ensure transparency while maintaining participant confidentiality.