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This study evaluates whether a brief, structured team reflection programme embedded within routine elite underwater rugby training is associated with longitudinal change in key psychosocial team over 6 weeks and assessed at baseline (T0), mid-intervention (week 3; T1) and post-intervention (week 6; T2). Outcomes include team cohesion, psychological safety, peer trust and team identification measured via validated questionnaires.
A standardised set of short reflection components is embedded into the squad's training microcycle over 6 weeks. Sessions occur twice weekly immediately post-training (before athletes 15 minutes. The protocol includes 16 sessions distributed across five components (internal-state check-in, specific recognition, structured micro-reflection on team functioning, collective identity reinforcement, and one controlled vulnerability session), all implemented under a strict "share-only" rule to preserve psychological safety (no interruptions, cross-talk, evaluation or rebuttal). Facilitation is shared between a staff member and a rotating athlete leader. Fidelity and dose are monitored via a brief session log (delivery, minutes, facilitator, attendance, prompt completion, adherence to share-only rule). Objective sport performance outcomes are not collected; training availability and injury/illness status are recorded descriptively to contextualise exposure.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental: Usual elite underwater rugby training + Brief Structured Team Reflection (BSTR) | Experimental | Participants continue their routine elite underwater rugby training as planned by the team staff and additionally complete an embedded Brief Structured Team Reflection (BSTR) programme over 6 weeks (16 post-training sessions; approximately 3/week; 5-15 minutes each). BSTR sessions occur immediately after training, before athletes disperse. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Usual elite underwater rugby training | Behavioral | Ongoing routine team training delivered during the 6-week study period according to the team's normal training plan (e.g., in-water technical/tactical practice and dry-land conditioning as typically scheduled). Training content is not modified for research purposes. Training attendance and any major deviations (e.g., cancellations, unusual loads) are recorded as part of routine monitoring. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Team Cohesion (GEQ-12 short form) | Team cohesion measured using the Spanish 12-item short form of the Group Environment Questionnaire (GEQ). Items are rated on a 1-9 scale; negatively keyed items are reverse-scored. A composite cohesion score is computed as the mean of items, with higher scores indicating greater perceived cohesion. | Baseline (T0, pre-intervention; up to 5 minutes), Week 3 (T1; up to 5 minutes), and Week 6 (T2, post-intervention; up to 5 minutes) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Psychological Safety (Edmondson 7-item Team Psychological Safety scale) | Psychological safety assessed with the 7-item Team Psychological Safety scale. Items are answered on a 1-7 Likert-type response format; negatively keyed items are reverse-scored. A composite psychological safety score is computed as the mean of the 7 items, with higher scores indicating greater perceived psychological safety within the team. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SAMUEL JOSE GAVIRIA ALZATE, PhD | Contact | +573192772912 | samuel.gaviria@tdea.edu.co |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tecnológico de Antioquia | Recruiting | Guarne | Antioquia | 054080 | Colombia |
Individual participant data (IPD) will not be shared publicly. The sample is small and drawn from a single, identifiable elite underwater rugby squad, so even de-identified records could carry a meaningful risk of re-identification when combined with contextual information (e.g., roster composition, training attendance patterns, and time-point assessments). Participant consent covers analysis and publication of aggregated results rather than unrestricted public release of participant-level data. Summary statistics and full methodological details will be reported in publications. De-identified extracts or additional details may be considered on a case-by-case basis, subject to a data-use agreement, ethics approval, and safeguards that minimise re-identification risk.
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| Baseline (T0, pre-intervention; up to 5 minutes), Week 3 (T1; up to 5 minutes), and Week 6 (T2, post-intervention; up to 5 minutes) |
| Peer Trust (HERO horizontal trust, 4-item team-referent measure) | Peer trust within the squad assessed using a 4-item team-referent horizontal trust measure drawn from the HERO organisational trust framework. Items are answered on a 0-6 response scale (strongly disagree to strongly agree). A composite peer trust score is computed as the mean of the 4 items, with higher values indicating greater perceived horizontal (peer) trust among teammates. | Baseline (T0, pre-intervention; up to 5 minutes), Week 3 (T1; up to 5 minutes), and Week 6 (T2, post-intervention; up to 5 minutes) |
| Team Identification (6-item team-referent identification scale) | Team identification assessed using a 6-item team-referent identification measure adapted from Mael & Ashforth. Items are answered on a 1-7 Likert-type response format. A composite identification score is computed as the mean of the 6 items, with higher scores indicating stronger identification with the team. | Baseline (T0, pre-intervention; up to 5 minutes), Week 3 (T1; up to 5 minutes), and Week 6 (T2, post-intervention; up to 5 minutes) |