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This research was designed as a randomized controlled trial to determine the effects of coffee sniffing on pain and physiological parameters in patients undergoing cholecystectomy surgery.
Study Variables: The independent variables of the study are the participant's age, gender, height, weight, smoking, and alcohol use; the dependent variables are the length of stay in the Post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) after anesthesia, the Modified Aldrete score, the pain score (numeric rating scale), and physiological values.
Study Location and Time: This study is planned to be conducted at Istanbul University-CerrahpaÅŸa, CerrahpaÅŸa Faculty of Medicine Hospital PACU, between February 2026 and August 2026.
Study Population: The study population will consist of patients who underwent cholecystectomy surgery and received general anesthesia with the same anesthesia protocol at Istanbul University-CerrahpaÅŸa, CerrahpaÅŸa Faculty of Medicine Hospital PACU.
Data Collection Tools: A Patient Demographic Information Form, created by the researcher in accordance with the literature, will be used for data collection. The Modified Aldrete Score and the Visual Analog Scale, both valid and reliable, will be used.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Coffee Smelling Group | Experimental | The patient inhales the scent of coffee for 3-5 minutes using a cotton pad. |
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| Placebo Group | Placebo Comparator | The patient inhales an empty cotton bag for 3-5 minutes. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coffee Smell | Behavioral | The patient inhales the scent of coffee for 3-5 minutes using a cotton pad. |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Modified Aldrete Score | The Modified Aldrete Score is a clinical scoring system used to assess a patient's recovery and readiness for discharge from the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) based on activity, respiration, circulation, consciousness, and oxygen saturation. Ensures objective and standardized assessment of postoperative recovery Reduces risk of premature discharge from PACU Enhances patient safety by identifying respiratory, cardiovascular, or neurological instability Provides measurable criteria for clinical decision-making Commonly, a score of ≥ 9 indicates readiness for PACU discharge. | This is the period from post-operative time until discharge from the PACU unit. (min. 20/min- max 60/min). |
| NRS (numeric rating scale) | The Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) is a simple, closed-ended survey tool that asks respondents to assign a number to measure feelings, preferences, or symptoms. It is widely used across healthcare, market research, and customer service to translate subjective experiences into quantifiable, easy-to-analyze data. 0-10 Scale (Pain Management): The most common format. In clinical settings, the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) asks patients to rate pain from 0 ("no pain") to 10 ("worst possible pain"). | This is the period from post-operative time until discharge from the PACU unit. (min. 20/min- max 60/min). |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Istanbul University Cerrahpasa | Istanbul | Turkey (Türkiye) |
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A randomized controlled trial with intervention and placebo groups.
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| Placebo | Behavioral | The patient inhales an empty cotton bag for 3-5 minutes. |
|