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Within 30 minutes before anesthesia, acupoint electrical stimulation at different frequencies were applied at Neiguan and Jian Shi. The changes in blood pressure during the anesthesia induction period were compared between the high-frequency group and the low-frequency group.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| High-frequency | Experimental | The electrical stimulation is provided at a frequency of 100Hz |
|
| Low-frequency | Experimental | The electrical stimulation is provided at a frequency of 2Hz |
|
| No stimulation | Sham Comparator | Only electrodes are pasted |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| electrical acupoint stimulation | Other | electrical acupoint stimulation are administered at Neiguan and Jian Shi. The stimulation starts at 15 minutes before anesthesia induction and ends at 15 minutes after anesthesia induction. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| incidence of hypotension | Hypotension is defined as a Mean arterial pressure (MAP) reduction of more than 20% from baseline or a MAP less than 65 mm Hg for at least 1 minute. The baseline MAP is measured during the 5 minutes before start of intervention | from start of anesthesia induction to 15 minutes after induction |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| The area under the curve representing the change in mean arterial pressure during the induction period relative to the baseline. | The area under the curve (AUC) below baseline mean arterial pressure (MAP) is calculated as: ∑ (((Si - Sbaseline)+(Si-1 - Sbaseline))/2 × ΔX) where Sbaseline is the baseline MAP, Si is the MAP at the i-th minute (i = 1…15), and ΔX is the time interval between two measurements. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zhihong Lu | Contact | 86-13891975018 | deerlu23@163.com |
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| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 40007175 | Background | Kaduk K, Petrella A, Muller SJ, Koenig J, Kroemer NB. Non-Invasive Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation Decreases Heart Rate Variability Independent of Caloric Load. Psychophysiology. 2025 Feb;62(2):e70017. doi: 10.1111/psyp.70017. | |
| 11153749 | Background | Chaitman BR, Bitar SR. Is ST segment elevation non-Q-wave myocardial infarction after thrombolytic therapy a new clinical entity that requires an invasive management strategy? J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001 Jan;37(1):26-9. doi: 10.1016/s0735-1097(00)01053-6. No abstract available. |
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The de-identified data will be available with reasonable request from Dr. Zhihong Lu at deerlu23@163.com
after publication
with request to Dr. Zhihong Lu
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007022 | Hypotension |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014652 | Vascular Diseases |
| D002318 | Cardiovascular Diseases |
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| electrodes pasted | Other | Electrodes are pasted at Neiguan and Jianshi |
|
| high-frequency electrical stimulation | Other | The frequency of electrical stimulation is 100Hz |
|
| low-frequency electrical stimulation | Other | The frequency of electrical stimulation is 2Hz |
|
| from start of induction to 15 minutes after induction |
| The dosage of vasoactive drugs | Any MAP drop by more than 20% from baseline or a MAP less than 65 mm Hg for at least 1 minute within the first 15 minutes after general anesthesia induction triggered the administration of norepinephrine boluses (5 μg). If hypotension persisted after 2 boluses, a norepinephrine infusion (0.02-0.3 μg/kg/min) was initiated and continued until the MAP became stable and reached 65 mm Hg or higher. If hypotension reoccurred, 2 boluses of norepinephrine were repeated. | from start of induction to 15 minutes after induction |
| lowest MAP | from start of induction to 15 minutes after induction |
| standard deviation of R-R intervals (SDRR) | assessed from the electrocardiography, key index of heart rate variability (HRV) | from start of induction to 15 minutes after induction |
| ratio of low-frequency HRV/high-frequency HRV (LF/HF ratio) | assessed from the electrocardiography,High-frequency HRV (HF-HRV) at 0.15-0.4 Hz and low-frequency HRV (LF-HRV) at 0.04-0.15 Hz | from start of induction to 15 minutes after induction |