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| ID | Type | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024/113 | Other Identifier | Hasan Kalyoncu Universty |
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This randomized controlled study aims to evaluate the effects of a telerehabilitation-based exercise program on muscle strength, exercise capacity, fatigue level, and cognitive status in adult liver transplant recipients. Liver transplantation is a major surgical procedure, and patients may experience reduced physical capacity, muscle weakness, and fatigue during recovery. Exercise-based rehabilitation may help improve these outcomes, but access to in-person rehabilitation programs may be limited after discharge.
Participants will be randomly assigned to either a control group receiving routine post-transplant care or an intervention group participating in a supervised telerehabilitation exercise program. The intervention consists of a 12-week program conducted twice weekly via video communication with a physiotherapist. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline and after completion of the program.
The study seeks to determine whether a structured, remotely supervised exercise program can improve functional recovery and reduce fatigue in liver transplant patients, potentially offering an accessible rehabilitation option after hospital discharge.
Liver transplantation is a complex surgical procedure that requires a structured recovery process extending from the pre-transplant period through hospitalization and post-discharge phases. After transplantation, patients frequently experience reduced physical capacity, decreased muscle strength, fatigue, and functional limitations that may negatively affect quality of life and recovery. Early and structured rehabilitation interventions are therefore considered important components of post-transplant care.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Telerehabilitation Exercise Group | Experimental | Participants assigned to this arm received a structured telerehabilitation-based exercise program in addition to routine post-transplant care. The program was conducted for 12 weeks, twice weekly, via real-time video communication with a physiotherapist. Sessions included warm-up exercises, posture and breathing exercises, isometric strengthening exercises, functional movements such as sit-to-stand, walking training, and cool-down stretching. Exercise intensity was maintained at a moderate level and progressed gradually throughout the program. |
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| Control Group | No Intervention | Participants assigned to this arm continued their routine daily activities and received standard post-transplant care without participating in a structured or supervised exercise or rehabilitation program during the study period. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Telerehabilitation Exercise Group | Behavioral | Participants in this group received a structured telerehabilitation-based exercise program delivered under real-time supervision by a physiotherapist. The intervention lasted 12 weeks and was conducted twice weekly via video communication. Each session lasted approximately 30-45 minutes and included warm-up exercises, posture and breathing exercises, isometric strengthening exercises for upper and lower extremities, functional exercises such as sit-to-stand, and walking training, followed by cool-down and stretching. Exercise intensity was maintained at a moderate level based on perceived exertion, and progression was applied throughout the program by increasing repetitions and duration to ensure adaptation and safety. Participants were initially instructed face-to-face before discharge and then continued the program remotely after discharge. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) Distance | Change in functional exercise capacity measured by the distance (meters) walked during the 6-minute walk test. | Baseline (pre-intervention) and end of the 12-week intervention period |
| Fatigue Severity Scale | Change in fatigue severity measured using the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS). Total scores range from 9 to 63, with higher scores indicating greater fatigue severity. | Baseline (pre-intervention) and end of the 12-week intervention period |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Peripheral Oxygen Saturation (SpOâ‚‚) | Change in oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximeter. | Baseline and end of 12 weeks |
| Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) Score | Change in cognitive function assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Total scores range from 0 to 30, with higher scores indicating better cognitive function. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Ilker Demir, PhD | Inonu University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inonu University Turgut Ozal Medical Center | Malatya | 4400 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
Individual participant data may be shared upon reasonable request, subject to approval by the principal investigator and institutional ethics committee, and in accordance with data protection and confidentiality regulations.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D018908 | Muscle Weakness |
| D005221 | Fatigue |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009135 | Muscular Diseases |
| D009140 | Musculoskeletal Diseases |
| D020879 | Neuromuscular Manifestations |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
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Participants were randomly assigned to one of two parallel groups. The intervention group received a structured telerehabilitation-based exercise program in addition to routine post-transplant care, while the control group continued routine daily activities without a supervised exercise intervention. The study followed a parallel assignment design in which participants remained in their allocated group throughout the 12-week intervention period, and outcomes were assessed at baseline and post-intervention.
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| Baseline and end of 12 weeks |
| Heart Rate | Change in heart rate measured using a pulse oximeter device. | Baseline and end of 12 weeks |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |