Placenta previa is a major obstetric condition associated with increased risk of excessive blood loss during cesarean section, leading to maternal morbidity and mortality. Different pharmacological agents have been used to minimize intraoperative hemorrhage. Tranexamic acid is an antifibrinolytic agent, while vasopressin reduces blood loss by causing vasoconstriction and myometrial contraction at the injection site. Both drugs have been used separately in placenta previa cases, however direct comparison between tranexamic acid and vasopressin is limited.

This randomized controlled trial will be conducted at the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, AIMC/Jinnah Hospital Lahore. A total of 58 women (29 in each group), aged 18-45 years, with singleton pregnancy and diagnosed placenta previa undergoing elective cesarean section will be included. Participants will be randomly allocated into two groups. Group A will receive 1 gram tranexamic acid diluted in 20 ml of 5% dextrose intravenously 15 minutes before cesarean section. Group B will receive 4 units vasopressin diluted in 20 ml normal saline injected at placental implantation site after delivery of placenta.

The primary outcome will be intraoperative blood loss measured by gauze saturation assessment and suction drain measurement. The study will help determine which drug is more effective in reducing blood loss in placenta previa patients undergoing cesarean section.

This study is a randomized controlled trial designed to compare the efficacy of tranexamic acid versus vasopressin in reducing intraoperative blood loss among patients with placenta previa undergoing elective cesarean section. The study will be conducted in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Allama Iqbal Medical College (AIMC)/Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, over a maximum duration of 12 months after approval of synopsis.

A total sample size of 58 patients will be enrolled through non-probability purposive sampling. Women aged 18-45 years with singleton pregnancy and placenta previa scheduled for elective cesarean section will be included. Patients undergoing emergency cesarean section, having coagulation disorders, chronic liver/kidney disease, gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, history of postpartum hemorrhage, or using anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs will be excluded.

After informed consent, baseline characteristics including age, gravida, para, abortion history, grade of placenta previa, and pre-operative hemoglobin will be recorded. Patients will be randomized into two groups using paper lottery method.

Group A will receive injection tranexamic acid 1 gram diluted in 20 ml of 5% dextrose administered intravenously 15 minutes before cesarean section. Group B will receive injection vasopressin 4 units diluted in 20 ml normal saline injected at placental implantation site after delivery of placenta. Both groups will receive standard uterotonic management with oxytocin 40 units in 500 ml of 5% glucose solution.

Blood loss will be assessed intraoperatively using visual gauze saturation method and suction drain volume. Post-operative hematocrit will be measured after achieving hemostasis and closure. Data will be analyzed using SPSS(statistical package of social sciences) version 26. Quantitative variables will be expressed as mean ± standard deviation and categorical variables as frequency and percentage. Independent sample t-test or Mann Whitney U test will be applied for comparison of quantitative variables, and Chi-square test for categorical variables. Stratification will be done for age and grade of placenta previa. A p-value ≤ 0.05 will be considered statistically significant.

The findings will help identify which intervention is more effective and safer for reducing intraoperative blood loss in placenta previa patients undergoing cesarean section.

Inclusion Criteria:

Women of reproductive age

Age 18-45 years

Diagnosed placenta previa in current pregnancy

Scheduled for elective cesarean section

Singleton pregnancy

Exclusion Criteria:

Emergency cesarean section

Platelet or coagulation disorder

Use of anti-platelet or anti-coagulant drugs

Previous history of postpartum hemorrhage

Chronic liver disease

Chronic kidney disease

Gestational diabetes

Pregnancy-related hypertensive disorders

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This study includes women of reproductive age (18-45 years) with placenta previa undergoing elective cesarean section.

Individual participant data will not be shared publicly to maintain patient confidentiality and privacy. The study involves sensitive clinical and obstetric information, and no personal identifiers will be disclosed. Data may be made available upon reasonable request to the principal investigator.