Electronic cigarettes (E-cigarettes) have gained significant popularity as an alternative to traditional combustible tobacco cigarette smoking. E-cigarettes are marketed as a safer alternative to conventional smoking forms. Many chronic smokers suppose that e-cigarettes are risk-free and can be used effectively as a smoking cessation tool. The market size of e-cigarette is increasing because of its rising popularity among the youth even though it is not an approved Food and Drug Administration (FDA) product yet

Most daily life activities as walking and household chores that affect quality of life are performed at a submaximal level of exertion. E-cigarettes may affect overall physical fitness and cardiovascular health. It is important to evaluate responses of all body systems interacting during exercise, including cardiovascular and pulmonary function, systemic circulation, peripheral circulation, blood, neuromuscular units, muscle metabolism, oxygen transport and utilization within skeletal muscles. The knowledge gap regarding the potential negative health effects of E-cigarettes is crucial, as e-cigarettes are newly prevailing smoking tools that are gaining rising popularity among the youth. Additionally, the false perception of the unregulated electronic cigarette smoking as a safe recreational habit may increase the prevalence among the population. The aim of this work is to assess the clinical and functional impact of E-cigarettes garette use in young Egyptian adults, and to evaluate the role of chest CT in follow-up of identified abnormalities.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age > 18 years
• E-cigarette users (≥6 months of regular use)
• No prior history of chronic pulmonary disease

Exclusion Criteria:

• Dual users (both e-cigarettes and traditional tobacco)
• History of chronic respiratory illnesses (e.g., asthma, COPD)
• immunocompromised
• Systemic chronic diseases

A total of 104 participants were enrolled and allocated into two equal groups: Group I: Exclusive e-cigarette users (n = 52) and Group II: Non-smoker controls (n = 52).