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Forward head posture is commonly observed among university students and may influence cervical sensorimotor function and physiological responses during functional activities. The purpose of this observational cross-sectional study is to examine the association between forward head posture and cervical proprioception, deep cervical muscle endurance, and cardiopulmonary responses during a cognitive-motor task in university students.
This is an observational cross-sectional study conducted among healthy university students aged 18 to 26 years. The study aims to investigate the relationship between forward head posture and cervical joint position sense, deep cervical muscle endurance, and cardiopulmonary responses during a combined cognitive-motor task. No therapeutic intervention or treatment is applied.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Group / Cohort 1 Group Name: Forward Head Posture Group | This cohort includes participants diagnosed with forward head posture based on standardized postural assessment criteria. |
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| Group / Cohort 2 Group Name: Normal Head Posture (Control) Group | This cohort includes participants with normal head and neck posture and no musculoskeletal or neurological disorders. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No intervention | Other | No intervention |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Cervical joint position error measured using a smartphone-based inclinometer | Cervical proprioception will be assessed by measuring joint position error (JPE) during cervical flexion, extension, and rotation using a smartphone-based inclinometer. Participants will attempt to reposition their head to a neutral target position with eyes closed. The absolute repositioning error (in degrees) will be calculated, and the mean JPE will be used for analysis. | At baseline |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Deep cervical flexor endurance measured by the craniocervical flexion endurance test | Deep cervical flexor endurance will be assessed using the craniocervical flexion endurance test. Participants will perform a chin-tuck head lift in the supine position and hold the position as long as possible. Endurance time will be recorded in seconds. | At baseline |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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The study population consists of healthy male and female university students aged 18 to 26 years, recruited from the university campus. Participants represent a young adult population without known neurological, musculoskeletal, or cardiopulmonary conditions that could influence cervical posture or sensorimotor performance.
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Faculty of physical therapy | Aqaba | Jordan |
"Individual participant data (IPD) will not be shared to protect the privacy and confidentiality of university students. The data include sensitive health and physical measurements, and sharing them could risk identification of participants despite de-identification efforts. Additionally, no formal data-sharing agreements are in place."
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| Cervical extensor endurance measured by a cervical extensor endurance test | Cervical extensor muscle endurance will be assessed using a cervical extensor endurance test in the prone position. Participants will maintain the head in a neutral horizontal position for as long as possible. Endurance time will be recorded in seconds. | At baseline |
| Heart rate measured during a cognitive-motor dual-task using a chest-strap heart rate monitor | Heart rate will be recorded during a combined stepping and cognitive subtraction task using a validated chest-strap heart rate monitor. The mean heart rate during the task will be used for analysis. | During a single 3-minute cognitive-motor task session |
| Respiratory rate measured during a cognitive-motor dual-task | Respiratory rate will be measured during the same cognitive-motor dual-task by counting breaths per minute. The mean respiratory rate during the task will be used for analysis | During a single 3-minute cognitive-motor task session |