Comparison of Posture and Respiration in Adults With and Without Head Forward Posture

Comparison of Posture and Respiration in Adults With and Without Head Forward Posture

Forward head posture (FHP) is defined as the position in which the head is in front of the shoulder and is one of the most common musculoskeletal problems caused by increasing computer and smartphone use. This study aims to compare spinal alignment, pulmonary function, and respiratory muscle strength between individuals with and without FHP.

Inclusion Criteria:

• aged 18-35

Exclusion Criteria:

• presence of diagnosed respiratory, neurological, orthopedic, psychiatric, or cardiac conditions; any limitations that could interfere with assessments; pregnancy or breastfeeding; a history of neck trauma; and previous surgery involving the neck or lower back