Albumin-bound Paclitaxel-based Second-line Treatment Regimens for Locally Advanced or Metastatic G/GEJ Adenocarcinoma

A Multicenter, Real-world Study on Albumin-bound Paclitaxel-based Second-line Treatment Regimens for Locally Advanced or Metastatic Gastric/Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma

This study is an open-label, multi-cohort real-world research that explores the efficacy and safety of different second-line treatment regimens for gastric/gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma that has failed first-line fluoropyrimidine, platinum-based chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy.

Group A (Albumin-bound Paclitaxel Monotherapy Group): Albumin-bound paclitaxel: 112.5 mg/m², intravenous infusion, on days 1 and 8, every 3 weeks.

Group B (Albumin-bound Paclitaxel with Anti-angiogenic Therapy Group): Fruquintinib 4 mg/day, once daily orally, on days 1 to 14, every 3 weeks or Ramucirumab 8 mg/kg on days 1 and 15, every 4 weeks; Albumin-bound paclitaxel: 112.5 mg/m², intravenous infusion, on days 1 and 8, every 3 weeks.

Group C (Albumin-bound Paclitaxel with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Group): Immune checkpoint inhibitor (refer to the drug instructions); Albumin-bound paclitaxel: 112.5 mg/m², intravenous infusion, on days 1 and 8, every 3 weeks.

Group D (Albumin-bound Paclitaxel with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor and Anti-angiogenic Therapy Group): Fruquintinib 4 mg/day, once daily orally, on days 1 to 14, every 3 weeks or Ramucirumab 8 mg/kg on days 1 and 15, every 4 weeks; PD-1 200mg d1, Q3W; Albumin-bound paclitaxel: 112.5 mg/m2, i.v. infusion, on days 1 and 8, every 3 weeks.

Group E (albumin-bound paclitaxel and trastuzumab emtansine group): Trastuzumab emtansine group (initial dose 800 mg/m2, subsequent doses 600-800 mg/m2); Albumin-bound paclitaxel: 112.5 mg/m2, i.v. infusion, on days 1 and 8, every 3 weeks (only patients with Claudin18.2 positive and who did not receive trastuzumab emtansine in the first-line treatment were included).

Treatment continued until disease progression or intolerable toxicity.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Fully understand this study and voluntarily sign the informed consent form;
• Between 18 and 80 years old (inclusive), male or female;
• Patients with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma confirmed by pathology or histology;
• ECOG performance status 0-2;
• Known HER2 negative;
• Expected survival ≥ 3 months;
• Patients who have progressed on first-line systemic treatment with fluoropyrimidine-platinum combination and PD-1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibody, or those who have progressed during maintenance treatment; patients with locally advanced or metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma who have progressed within 6 months after the end of perioperative chemotherapy or adjuvant chemotherapy (counting from the end of the combined regimen);
• Have not received taxane-based therapy previously;
• Have at least one measurable lesion (meeting RECIST v1.1 criteria);
• The functions of important organs meet the following requirements (no blood components or cell growth factors are allowed to be used within 14 days before enrollment):

Absolute neutrophil count ≥ 1.5×109/L, white blood cell count ≥ 3.0×109/L; Platelet count ≥ 90×109/L; Hemoglobin ≥ 8g/dL; Total bilirubin (TBIL) ≤ 1.5×ULN; ALT and AST ≤ 2.5×ULN; BUN and creatinine (Cr) ≤ 1.5×ULN (and creatinine clearance (CCr) ≥ 50mL/min); Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥ 50%; Fridericia-corrected QT interval (QTcF) < 470 milliseconds; INR ≤ 1.5×ULN, APTT ≤ 1.5×ULN; Thyroid function: TSH ≤ upper limit of normal (ULN). If abnormal, FT3 and FT4 levels should be examined. If FT3 and FT4 levels are normal, the patient can be enrolled; Premenopausal women and postmenopausal women for less than 1 year must have a negative serum or urine pregnancy test before treatment.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients with other malignancies within 5 years before enrollment, except for skin basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma after radical surgery, or cervical carcinoma in situ;
• Patients who have received allogeneic bone marrow transplantation or organ transplantation in the past;
• Patients with severe cardiovascular diseases within 6 months before enrollment, including unstable angina or myocardial infarction;
• Patients allergic to the study drug or any of its auxiliary preparations;
• Patients with uncontrolled hypertension before enrollment, defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 150 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg;
• Patients with any disease or condition that affects drug absorption before enrollment, or patients who cannot take oral medication;
• Patients with active ulcers in the stomach and duodenum, ulcerative colitis or other digestive tract diseases before enrollment, or unremoved tumors with active bleeding, or other conditions that the investigator deems may cause gastrointestinal bleeding or perforation;
• Patients with obvious bleeding tendency evidence or history within 3 months before enrollment (bleeding > 30 mL within 3 months, accompanied by hematemesis, melena, or hematochezia), hemoptysis (fresh blood > 5 mL within 4 weeks), or thromboembolic events (including stroke events and/or transient ischemic attacks) within 12 months;
• Patients with significant clinical cardiovascular diseases, including but not limited to acute myocardial infarction, severe/unstable angina or coronary artery bypass grafting within 6 months before enrollment; congestive heart failure with New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification > 2; drug-treated ventricular arrhythmias; left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 50%;
• Patients with active or uncontrolled severe infections (≥ CTCAE v5.0 grade 2 infections);
• Patients with known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Patients with a history of clinically significant liver disease, including viral hepatitis [known hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers must exclude active HBV infection, i.e., HBV DNA positive (> 1×104 copies/mL or > 2000 IU/mL); known hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and HCV RNA positive (> 1×103 copies/mL)];
• Patients with any active autoimmune disease or a history of autoimmune disease (such as, but not limited to: autoimmune hepatitis, interstitial pneumonia, uveitis, enteritis, hepatitis, hypophysitis, vasculitis, nephritis, hyperthyroidism; patients with vitiligo; patients with childhood asthma that has completely resolved and does not require any intervention in adulthood can be included; patients with asthma requiring medical intervention with bronchodilators cannot be included); replacement therapy is not considered systemic treatment, the following patients can be included: those with a history of autoimmune-related hypothyroidism and receiving thyroid hormone replacement therapy; type 1 diabetes that can be controlled with insulin treatment;
• Patients who have used immunosuppressants or systemic hormone therapy to achieve immunosuppression within 7 days before enrollment (dose > 10 mg/day of prednisone or other equivalent efficacy hormones);
• Patients with interstitial lung disease or pneumonia, pulmonary fibrosis, acute lung disease, or radiation pneumonitis;
• Pregnant (positive pregnancy test before medication) or lactating women; Any other disease, clinically significant metabolic abnormalities, physical examination abnormalities or laboratory test abnormalities, as judged by the investigator, there is reason to suspect that the patient has a disease or condition that is not suitable for the use of the study drug (such as having epilepsy and requiring treatment), or will affect the interpretation of the study results, or put the patient at high risk;
• Patients with urine routine indicating urine protein ≥ 2+ and 24-hour urine protein > 1.0g;
• Patients deemed unsuitable for inclusion in this study by the investigator.