his study evaluates the diagnostic accuracy of bedside gastric ultrasonography for confirmation of nasogastric tube placement in intensive care unit patients, using chest radiography as the reference standard. Sensitivity and specificity of bedside ultrasonography will be calculated to assess its performance in this clinical setting.

Inclusion Criteria:

Age ≥ 18 years

Clinical indication for nasogastric tube placement

Written informed consent obtained from the patient or a legally authorized representative

Exclusion Criteria:

• Refusal to participate in the study

Age < 18 years

Pregnancy

Contraindications to nasogastric tube placement, including:

Facial trauma

Basilar skull fracture

Esophageal obstruction

Recent upper gastrointestinal surgery

Presence of wounds, burns, or surgical dressings in the epigastric region that preclude adequate ultrasonographic evaluation

The study population consists of adult patients (aged 18 years and older) admitted to the intensive care unit who have a clinical indication for nasogastric tube placement. Eligible patients are enrolled prospectively following written informed consent obtained from the patient or a legally authorized representative.