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Olive leaf extract (OLE) is a natural supplement rich in phenolic compounds, especially oleuropein, which has antioxidant properties that may support recovery after physical exercise. While OLE has been studied for various health-related effects, its potential impact on exercise recovery and performance in elite athletes remains unclear.
This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was designed to evaluate the effects of four weeks of OLE supplementation on physical performance, sleep quality, and post-exercise muscle soreness in elite male handball players aged 18 to 25 years. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either a daily OLE supplement (500 mg, standardized to 25% oleuropein) or a placebo for four weeks. Physical performance, sleep quality, and muscle soreness were assessed at baseline, during the intervention, and at the end of the study period. Muscle soreness was additionally evaluated at 12 and 24 hours following exercise sessions.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Study group | Experimental | olive leaf extract supplemented |
|
| Control group | Placebo Comparator | placebo capsule supplemented |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Olive leaf extract | Dietary Supplement | OLE supplement (500 mg, standardized to 25% oleuropein) |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Muscle Soreness | The severity of muscle soreness will be assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Patients choose the appropriate score between 0 and 10. Higher scores indicate higher muscle soreness levels. | Baseline, After intervention (two week later), After intervention (fourt week later) |
| Squat jump height | Lower-body explosive performance was assessed using the squat jump test. Jump height was measured in centimeters (cm) with higher values indicating better explosive performance. | Performance outcomes were assessed at baseline, week 2, and week 4 of the intervention period. |
| Peak anaerobic power | Peak anaerobic power was assessed using the Wingate anaerobic test. Peak power output was recorded in watts (W) during the 30-second maximal cycling test. Higher values indicate greater anaerobic power. | baseline, week 2, and week 4. |
| Countermovement jump height | Lower-body explosive performance was assessed using the countermovement jump test. Jump height was measured in centimeters (cm) with higher values indicating better explosive performance. | Assessments were conducted at baseline, week 2, and week 4. Higher values indicate better explosive performance. |
| Mean anaerobic power | Mean anaerobic power was assessed using the Wingate anaerobic test. Mean power output was calculated as the average power produced over the 30-second test and recorded in watts (W). Higher values indicate better anaerobic capacity. | Baseline, week 2, and week 4 |
| Fatigue index |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Sleep quality | Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) total score. The PSQI is a validated self-reported questionnaire consisting of 19 items, yielding a global score ranging from 0 to 21, with higher scores indicating poorer sleep quality. | Total PSQI scores were recorded at baseline, week 2, and week 4 to evaluate changes in perceived sleep quality during the supplementation period. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Karabuk University | Karabük | Central | 78050 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| C000716987 | olive leaf extract |
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Parallel assigned
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double blind (participant investigator)
| Placebo | Other | Sucrose capsules with the same color, scent, and size as OLE capsules. |
|
Fatigue index was assessed using the Wingate anaerobic test and calculated as the percentage decline in power output from peak to minimum power during the 30-second test. Higher values indicate greater fatigue.
| Baseline, week 2, and week 4 |