Patients in whom postoperative cryotherapy was not applied

Patients in whom postoperative cryotherapy was applied

Postoperative cold therapy applied with ice packs

Evaluate the effects of cryotherapy on postoperative pain intensity following lower third molar extraction using a visual analog scale (VAS) ranging from 0 to 10, where 0 indicates no pain and 10 represents the worst pain imaginable. Pain intensity was recorded daily by the participants over a 7-day postoperative period.

Evaluate the effects of cryotherapy on postoperative edema following lower third molar extraction using three linear facial measurements: tragus to pogonion, tragus to oral commissure, and lateral canthus to the mandibular angle. Measurements were recorded in millimeters, and the mean of the three values was calculated to quantify edema. Assessments were performed preoperatively and postoperatively on the second and seventh days.

Evaluate the effects of cryotherapy on postoperative trismus following lower third molar extraction by measuring maximum mouth opening. Patients were seated with the tragus-ala plane parallel to the ground. Measurements were obtained using a measuring tape and recorded in millimeters. Assessments were performed on postoperative days 0, 2, and 7.

Evaluate the effects of cryotherapy on postoperative quality of life following lower third molar extraction using a questionnaire adapted from the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14), consisting of 14 dichotomous (yes/no) questions addressing daily functional limitations. The questionnaire was administered on the day of surgery and completed by participants on postoperative days 0, 2, and 7.