There remains controversy regarding the optimal timing of surgical treatment for neonatal CCHD (Complex Congenital Heart Disease). Based on the established national multi-center database for surgical treatment of congenital heart disease and the prenatal-postnatal integrated diagnosis and treatment model, this study will conduct a multi-center RCT (Randomized Controlled Trial) to explore the optimal surgical timing for neonatal CCHD. It will also develop innovative comprehensive treatment strategies for critically ill neonatal CCHD patients, use RCT data to evaluate treatment efficacy and establish an evaluation system. This system will be gradually promoted nationwide, aiming to reduce the incidence of perioperative mortality and non-recovery discharge in CCHD patients by 50% (National in-hospital mortality rate of neonatal congenital heart disease surgery in 2023: 6.5%; non-recovery discharge rate: 12.66%), thereby improving the overall level of CCHD treatment in China.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Neonates diagnosed with TAPVC, CoA/IAA, TGA, PA/IVS, or severe PS via pre-admission cardiac echocardiography;
2. Patients and families demonstrating high compliance, willing to sign informed consent forms and agree to complete one year of follow-up and related examinations.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Preterm infant (gestational age < 36 weeks at birth);
2. Low birth weight (weight < 2.5 kg);
3. Concurrent severe extracardiac anomalies or complex cardiac malformations;
4. Preoperative respiratory or circulatory instability requiring emergency surgery.