Patients with congenital heart disease will undergo congenital heart disease surgery.

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome was determined mainly on (i) Core temperature of >38.5°C or <36°C measured by rectal, oral, or central catheter probe; (ii) Tachycardia, defined as a mean heart rate >2 SD above normal for age in the absence of external stimulus, chronic drugs, or painful stimuli; or otherwise unexplained persistent elevation over a 0.5- to 4-hr time period, or for children <1 yr old: bradycardia, defined as a mean heart rate <10th percentile for age in the absence of external vagal stimulus; or otherwise unexplained persistent depression over a 0.5-hr time period; (iii) Mean respiratory rate >2 SD above normal for age, the prolonged mechanical ventilation defined as ventilation duration > 48 hrs, or unplanned re-intubation for an acute process not related to underlying neuromuscular disease or the receipt of general anesthesia; (iv) Leukocyte count elevated or depressed for age or >10% immature neutrophils.