This study assesses carbohydrate counting knowledge and its impact on glycemic control among Sohag University students with type 1 diabetes mellitus. A structured educational intervention will be delivered, followed by reassessment after three months.

This interventional study targets undergraduate students diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus at Sohag University. Baseline data will include demographic characteristics, diabetes-related history, carbohydrate counting knowledge assessed using the PedCarbQuiz, and glycemic control parameters including HbA1c.

Participants will receive a structured educational session focusing on carbohydrate counting principles and insulin dose adjustment. Educational booklets will be provided. After three months, carbohydrate counting knowledge and glycemic control will be reassessed to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Confirmed diagnosis of T1DM for at least 1 year.
2. Age ≥18 years.
3. Currently enrolled at Sohag University.
4. Willing to participate and provide informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. University students who refuse to participate in the study
2. Students with other types of diabetes (T2DM, MODY, etc.)
3. Presence of other chronic illnesses that affect diet or glycemic control (e.g., celiac disease, chronic kidney disease).
4. Students with communication barriers e.g cognitive impairment or psychiatric illness interfering with questionnaire completion.