This study is testing how overweight and obesity affect cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevalence, risk factors, and mortality among Chinese adults using nationally representative CCDRFS (China Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance) data. The purpose of the study is to characterize trends and determinants of CVD in adults with overweight or obesity and to quantify the excess mortality and population burden attributable to overweight/obesity. Participants will not receive any study medicine as this is an observational analysis of existing survey and mortality data. The study does not involve a new investigational drug; it analyses health and outcome data collected in routine practice and national surveys. The study will last for the duration needed to analyse the CCDRFS datasets and linked mortality follow-up.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Signed consent obtained before any study-related activities (study-related activities are any procedure related to recording of data according to the protocol).
• Male or female, age above or equal to 18 years at the time of signing informed consent.
• Permanent residents (residing in the survey counties/cities/districts for ≥6 months) from the 2013, 2018, and 2023 CCDRFS surveys; With complete information from physical examinations, blood biochemical tests, and questionnaires, including:
• Demographic information (age, sex, urban/rural classification, etc.);
• Height, weight, waist circumference, blood pressure;
• Blood biochemical indicators (fasting/2-hour postprandial blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, lipid panel: high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, total cholesterol, serum creatinine, etc.);
• Routine urine indicators: urine protein (or urine microalbumin); self-reported prevalence of CVD and major chronic diseases (e.g., hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, etc.);
• Major behavioral risk factors (smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, dietary patterns, etc.);
• Information on concomitant medication use.

Exclusion Criteria:

- Exclusion criteria include missing core baseline or follow-up data relevant to each part. The medical conditions under investigation include overweight and obesity, along with their comorbidity with CVD and associated risk factors.

The subjects in this study are permanent residents aged 18 years and older who participated in the CCDRFS in 2013, 2018, and 2023. Eligible participants were permanent residents (residing ≥6 months) of the survey sites, which included 298 counties/districts across all 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities of mainland China.

According to the Novo Nordisk disclosure commitment on novonordisk-trials.com