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In this within-subjects, crossover study, participants will undergo Electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings before, during, and after each of three 1-hour sessions. All participants will experience all three conditions: (1) dual-frequency visual (10 and 40 Hz), (2) single-frequency visual (40 Hz), and (3) non-rhythmic stimulation. EEG spectral power and amplitude coupling will be analyzed to determine whether stimulation-induced increases in alpha-gamma neural synchrony translate to improvements in cognitive performance.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dual frequency flickering light | Experimental | Light flickering with 10 Hz + 40 Hz visual stimulation |
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| Single frequency flickering light | Experimental | Light flickering with 10 Hz visual stimulation |
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| non-rhythmic flickering light | Placebo Comparator | Light flickering with random visual stimulation |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flickering Light | Device | Red Flickering Light programed to three different visual stimulations |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| EEG-based neural synchrony | Change in spectral power and amplitude in the alpha and gamma EEG bands. Increase in power and amplitude is indicative of increases in neural synchrony. | 5 minute EEG recording will be done at start, middle and end of each one-hour session, each session separated by one week |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Digit Span Task | Change in cognition will be measured by the Digit Span Task which is a working memory task. Increase in accuracy and response time indicates improved cognitive performance. Digit Span. Memory span is the longest list of items that a person can repeat back in correct order immediately after presentation on 50% of all trials. Items may include words, numbers, or letters. The task is known as digit span when numbers are used. Memory span is a common measure of short-term memory. A digit-span task is used to measure working memory's number storage capacity. The item score is the sum of the scores on the two trials for that item (range=0-2). The total raw score for backwards digit span is the sum of the item scores; maximum backwards digit span total raw score is 16 points. Higher score indicates better health outcomes. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Mariana Figueiro, PhD | Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai | New York | New York | 10029 | United States |
As the primary outcome measure of this study is EEG recordings, individual results will not be shared.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D060825 | Cognitive Dysfunction |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003072 | Cognition Disorders |
| D019965 | Neurocognitive Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
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| Completed at start and end of each one-hour session, each session will be separated by one week |