Challenging disc training, utilized in balance studies, begins with participants standing with slightly bent knees. The dynamic balance training comprises 9 protocols focused on tracking a moving red circular target zone using a green point cursor that represents the center of pressure. Participants shift their body weight in various directions with visual feedback on a computer screen. Over 8 weeks, participants complete 16 sessions, each lasting 20 seconds with 7 seconds of rest in between. The time spent correctly tracking the target is measured and analyzed across all protocols.

Participants will receive functional core motor control (stabilization) exercise and the traditional program (consisting of stretching protocol, strengthening of all ankle muscles, and balance activities) 3 sessions per week for 2 months.

The training program consists of three phases:

1. **Cognitive Phase (Weeks 1-2):** Focuses on isolating the transversus abdominis and multifidus muscles using a biofeedback pressure device. Exercises involve isometric contractions with 10-second holds, repeated four times daily.
2. **Associative Phase (Weeks 3-4):** Introduces less stable exercises (e.g., quadruped and standing positions) aimed at enhancing spine neutrality.
3. **Automatic Phase (Weeks 5-8):** Involves dynamic movements that integrate spine control with extremity movements. Key exercises include lunges with a medicine ball, squats, and various plank variations, emphasizing co-contraction of core muscles for stability during movements.

Balance training is combined with a cognitive task involving a backward digit span test, where participants must recall and repeat sequences of numbers in reverse order, testing working memory. This test includes three difficulty levels (3-, 4-, and 5-digit sequences) performed over 35 seconds. Participants will either recall digits while maintaining static stability or after squatting upon hearing a number, with a focus on accuracy within 5 seconds. Performance is measured by the percentage of correctly recalled digits, and error scoring will be documented via video recording for each posture task.

The side-hop test involves participants hopping laterally on one limb over a distance of 30 cm for 10 repetitions, with a stopwatch recording the fastest time. Trials are invalidated if the contralateral foot touches the ground. After 1-3 practice trials, 3 test trials are conducted, and the average time is used for analysis (Kamonseki et al., 2018). Additionally, the figure of the hop test requires participants to hop twice around a 5-m cone-marked course as fast as possible, with penalties for footfall or course deviations, and timing recorded to the nearest 0.01 seconds.

The modified star test grid features three lines emanating from a center point, oriented as anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral. Participants stand at the center with feet together and perform single-limb squats, reaching towards maximum points along each direction line with the swinging limb. The participant must lightly touch the line with the distal part of the reaching foot without shifting their weight to it or resting on it. They must then return the limb to the center while maintaining balance on the stance limb. Any heavy contact, resting, or shifting during the trial invalidates it. Maximum reach distances are measured with a tape measure.

The "Self-check" mode provides two measurement options for Static Balance Testing and alternative assessments using an Electronic Balance Board. Participants stand with feet shoulder-width apart (~30 cm) and are monitored via a computer screen displaying a target zone of five concentric circles. The test includes a 15-second adaptation phase followed by a 20-second measurement period, during which stability is assessed based on how long a tracking ball remains within the inner circle. Scores range from 1 (Excellent Stability) to 5 (Bad Stability), with lower scores indicating better performance. Additionally, dynamic tasks require participants to track a target point on-screen, measuring time in the target for scoring. After the tests, scores for each foot and the overall percentage difference are displayed, with values below 10% indicating good body balance.

The inclinometer will be fixed to the lateral side of the distal leg just above the ankle joint using a strap. It should be oriented laterally, and its zero point should be parallel to the floor. Participant will make dorsiflexion from weightbearing position by proximal segment, the degree of changed range from zero will be appeared on inclinometer

using the National Aeronautics and Space Administration-Task Load Index questionnaire. Participants assess the workload of a comprehension task after reading selected texts by answering 10 questions. A rater evaluates and assigns weights to six scales based on 15 pair-wise comparisons. Each scale is represented by a line divided into intervals, with descriptors ranging from 'low' to 'high', except for 'performance', which goes from 'good' to 'poor' and is reverse scored. The overall workload score is computed by multiplying raw ratings by participant weights, summing these, and dividing by 15, resulting in a score from 0 to 100.