Neurocognitive training is a program developed by incorporating motor learning strategies and cognitive challenges into neuromuscular training. Cognitive challenges included tasks requiring quick reactions, motor-motor or cognitive-motor tasks (dual-task), congruent and incongruent tasks, exercises combined with mathematical calculations (working memory), and response inhibition tasks.

The control group continued their training and no additional intervention was applied. Four weeks after their initial assessment, the same assessments were applied again with the study group.

Neurocognitive training is a rehabilitation approach that, unlike traditional treatment methods which primarily focus on improving physical performance, emphasizes cognitive functions and psychometric skills. It is a program developed by integrating motor learning strategies and cognitive challenges into neuromuscular training. These cognitive challenges include tasks requiring quick reactions, motor-motor or cognitive-motor tasks (dual-task), congruent and incongruent tasks, exercises involving mathematical calculations (working memory), and response inhibition tasks.

The IDFAI is a self-reported questionnaire consisting of 9 items designed to identify the presence and severity of functional ankle instability. Scores range from 0 to 37, with higher scores indicating greater instability. A score above 11 suggests the presence of instability. Scores are unitless numeric values representing the severity of symptoms and frequency of ankle sprains.

The CAIT is a self-assessment tool with 9 items measuring subjective ankle instability. Scores range from 0 (severe instability) to 30 (no instability). A score of 27 or below indicates functional ankle instability. The score is a unitless numeric value that reflects the level of perceived instability and risk of recurrent sprains.

The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) is a 10 cm line ranging from "No pain" to "Worst imaginable pain." Participants mark their pain intensity on the line, which is measured in centimeters to quantify pain severity. This unitless numeric score reflects pain intensity at rest, during training, and post-training in ankles with instability history.

Joint Position Sense test evaluates proprioception by measuring the accuracy of reproducing a passively positioned joint angle. The ankle dorsiflexion is set at 10°, and plantarflexion at 20°. The difference between target and reproduced angles is measured in degrees using a goniometer. Lower angular deviation indicates better proprioceptive accuracy.