A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study to Identify Risk Factors and Develop a Diagnostic Prediction Model for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, and to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Multidisciplinary Precision Health Interventions (GLOW Plan)

Inclusion Criteria: All must be met

1. Aged 18-40 years;
2. Pre-pregnancy BMI: 18.5 kg/m² < BMI < 28 kg/m²;
3. Able to read, understand and sign the informed consent form;
4. Receive prenatal care and deliver in the study hospital.

Exclusion Criteria: Any one met leads to exclusion

1. Twin or multiple pregnancies;
2. Pre-gestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM), including new-onset diabetes during pregnancy;
3. Poorly controlled pre-pregnancy chronic hypertension (BP ≥140/90 mmHg);
4. Complicated with severe liver/kidney diseases;
5. Current/recent use of drugs affecting glucose metabolism;
6. Mental illness or severe psychological disorders;
7. Complicated with severe infection;
8. Poor compliance or refusal to use CGM/SMBG.

A total of 1,000 pregnant women with antenatal care registration in the study hospital are enrolled, including 500 Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) cases (diagnosed via 75g OGTT at 24-28 weeks of gestation with ≥1 abnormal blood glucose value) and 500 normal controls.

All participants meet: aged 18-40 years, pre-pregnancy BMI 18.5-28 kg/m², ability to sign informed consent, and prenatal care/delivery in the hospital. Those with multiple pregnancies, pre-gestational diabetes, poorly controlled hypertension, severe organ diseases, or poor compliance are excluded. Participants and their offspring complete perinatal and 2-year postnatal follow-ups.