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This study aimed to evaluate the effect of virtual reality methods on procedure-related emotional behaviour, pain, and anxiety levels in school-age children undergoing venipuncture.
Participants were assigned to three groups through stratified randomization: the active VR, the passive VR, and the control group. Children in the VR groups wore VR goggles (Oculus Quest 2) during venipuncture.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control | No Intervention | Standart care | |
| Active VR | Experimental | The remote control of the virtual glasses will be given to the hand that will not be interfered with, and the child will start, slow down or stop the application herself. Samsung Gear Oculus Guest 2 headset allows watching virtual reality applications. |
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| Passive VR | Experimental | It was said that he could watch videos by wearing virtual headset glasses during the procedure. A virtual reality application with Oculus Guest 2 that will attract the attention of children was determined by the researchers. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| active VR distraction | Device | The remote control of the virtual glasses will be given to the hand, and the child will start, slow down or stop the application herself. |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| procedure related pain | Wong-Baker FACES (WBS) Pain Rating Scale. This scale uses in children aged 3 and older to rate pain severity, ranges from 0 (very happy/no pain) to 10 (hurts worst). | 3 minutes after the phlebotomy |
| procedure related anxiety | The Children's Anxiety Meter (CAM-S). The Children's Anxiety Meter assesses children's anxiety and uses before medical procedures. This scale is drawn like a thermometer with a bulb at the bottom and also includes horizontal lines at intervals going up to the top (0-10). This scale ranges from 0 to 10. Higher values represent higher anxiety | 3 minutes after the phlebotomy |
| procedure related emotional apperance | This scale allows direct behavioral observation, consists of 5 different behavioral categories; 'Facial Expression', 'Speaking', 'Activity', 'Interaction' and 'Cooperation Level'. Scale scoring is done by reviewing the descriptions of behavior in each category and selecting the numerical value that most represents the observed behavior. Each category is scored from 1 to 5. The total score is made so that the numerical value is between 5-25 by adding the points obtained for each category. Higher scale score indicates the appearance of more negative emotional behaviors | immediately after the phlebotomy |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Gülçin Özalp Gerçeker, Prof. | Dokuz Eylul University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dokuz Eylul University | Izmir | 35100 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010146 | Pain |
| D001008 | Anxiety Disorders |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
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| passive VR distraction | Device | watching the application by wearing virtual glasses with Oculus Guest 2 |
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