This study evaluates whether virtual reality (VR)-based distraction can reduce pain during intravenous cannulation and venous blood sampling in children treated in a pediatric emergency department. Children aged 6-11 years who required these procedures received either standard care or VR distraction using age-appropriate audiovisual content. The primary outcome was procedure-related pain measured by the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale. Secondary outcomes included procedural duration, cooperation, first-attempt success, behavioral distress, and parental satisfaction. The study also explored whether the effectiveness of VR was associated with patient engagement during the procedure.
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Children received age-appropriate audiovisual distraction through a virtual reality headset during intravenous cannulation or venous blood sampling procedures.
Izmir, 35100, Turkey (Türkiye)
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