Successful sampling will be defined by high selectivity index (cortisol in the adrenal vein/cortisol in inferior vena cava >2 without ACTH simulation)

Types of catheter at the time of Adrenal Venous Sampling via antecubital approach or femoral approach

Time of the procedure

Time of fluoroscopy

The contrast agent dosage

Complications related to adrenal vein cannulations (adrenal vein hematoma, inferior vena cava dissection, puncture site hematoma, etc)

the cost of the procedure

The difference in average systolic blood pressure measured by 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) between baseline and each follow-up time point.

The difference in average diastolic blood pressure measured by 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) bewteen baseline and each follow-up time point.

The difference in systolic blood pressure measured during clinic visits (office blood pressure) between baseline and each follow-up time point

The difference in diastolic blood pressure measured during clinic visits (office blood pressure) between baseline and each follow-up time point

The change in the number and/or dosage of antihypertensive medications taken by patients between baseline and each follow-up time point

The difference in urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio measured at baseline and at each follow-up time point

The change in left ventricular mass index, as assessed by echocardiography, from baseline to each follow-up time point.

The change in pulse wave velocity measured between baseline and each follow-up time point。

Clinical outcomes will be assessed at each follow-up visit afteradrenal surgery according to the PASO consensus criteria. Outcomes will be categorized as:

(1)Complete clinical success: normal blood pressure without the need for any antihypertensive medication. (2)Partial clinical success: improvement in blood pressure and/or a reduction in the number or dosage of antihypertensive medications. (3)Absent clinical success: no improvement in blood pressure or antihypertensive medication burden.

Biochemical outcomes will be assessed at each follow-up visit after adrenal surgery according to the PASO consensus classification. Outcomes will be categorized as:(1)Complete biochemical success: normal serum potassium levels and a normalized aldosterone-to-renin ratio (ARR) without the need for potassium supplementation.(2)Partial biochemical success: improvement in biochemical parameters without full normalization.(3)Absent biochemical success: no improvement in biochemical markers compared to baseline.

Incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), including stroke, heart failure, severe arrhythmias, renal failure, myocardial infarction, and death.