This multicenter study intends to combine retrospective analysis and prospective registry to evaluate the success rate and safety of adrenal venous sampling (AVS) via antecubital and femoral approach for patients with primary aldosteronism. The consistency of AVS with pathological results and clinical outcomes, the factors affecting the success of AVS, and the optimal population for AVS will be aslo analyzed in this study.

Primary aldosteronism (PA) is one of the most common causes of secondary hypertension, and its most common subtypes are aldosterone-producing adenoma and idiopathic hyperaldosteronism, which account for 95% to 98% of PA. Subtype diagnosis is crucial for the treatment of primary aldosteronism, which conducts the appropriate treatment strategy. Currently, adrenal venous sampling (AVS) serves as the gold standard for subtyping of PA. How to improve the success rate of AVS has been a hot topic in the field of primary aldosteronism. This multicenter registry study intends to combine retrospective analysis and prospective registry to evaluate the success rate and safety of AVS via antecubital and femoral approach for patients with primary aldosteronism. The consistency of AVS with pathological results and clinical outcomes, the factors affecting the success of AVS, and the optimal population for AVS will be also analyzed in this study.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Aged from 18 to 65 with no limits in sex;
2. Patients with confirmed primary aldosteronism;
3. Patients or their legal representatives sign written informed consent approved by the ethics committee；

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Severe comorbidity, including stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure, severe valvular heart disease, liver cirrhosis, and metastatic tumor within the previous 3 months；
2. An estimated glomerular filtration rate <45 ml/min/1.73 m2, or serum creatinine >176 μmol/L；
3. Patients who refuse adrenalectomy;
4. Suspected of having an adrenocortical carcinoma;
5. Allergy to contrast agent;
6. Pregnant, nursing, or planning to become pregnant

Patients with confirmed primary aldosteronism aged from 18 to 65 with no limits in sex