Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta University | OTHER |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
This interventional study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an office worker's program in reducing low back pain and improving physical and psychosocial outcomes among office employees. The primary objective is to determine the effects of the intervention on pain, lumbar posture, muscle physiology (including core stability, flexibility, fatigue, and endurance), ergonomics, stress levels, and quality of life across different intervention groups.
Participants will be assigned to one of three groups:
Group 1: Exercise program, posture education, and standing advice Group 2: Posture education and standing advice Group 3: standing advice only The study will compare outcomes between groups to identify which combination of interventions provides the greatest benefits for office workers with a tendency to experience low back pain.
Research question: Is there any effect of office worker's program on pain intensity, lumbar posture, muscle physiology, ergonomics, stress and quality of life among office workers with low back pain? Research objective: To determine the effect of office worker's program on pain intensity, lumbar posture, muscle physiology, ergonomics, stress and quality of life Research hypothesis: There is significance different on pain intensity, lumbar posture, muscle physiology, ergonomics, stress and quality of life
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Group | Experimental | Participants in this arm will receive a structured exercise program supervised by a physiotherapist, combined with posture education using an illustrated poster and regular standing advice. The exercise program consists of progressive abdominal and lumbar strengthening exercises performed 3 times per week for 12 weeks, with each session lasting approximately 20 minutes. |
|
| Education Group | Active Comparator | Participants in this arm will receive posture education supported by an illustrated poster and regular standing advice. No exercise program will be provided to this group. |
|
| Control Group | Active Comparator | Participants in this arm will receive standing advice only, without exercise intervention or posture education materials. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise | Behavioral | Exercise Program: A structured physiotherapist-supervised exercise program designed to improve core stability, lumbar strength, flexibility, and endurance. The program includes progressive abdominal and lumbar muscle strengthening exercises performed three times per week for 12 weeks, with each session lasting approximately 20 minutes. Exercises gradually increase in intensity based on participant tolerance and progression criteria. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Numeric Rating Scale for pain | Pain intensity will be assessed using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), an 11-point scale from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst possible pain). Participants will rate their average low back pain at baseline and after the 12-week intervention. Changes in NRS scores will be compared across groups. | Baseline and Week 12 |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Flexible curve to measure Lumbar posture | Lumbar posture will be assessed using the Flexible Curve method, which measures lumbar curvature by molding a flexible ruler along the participant's lumbar spine. Measurements will be taken in the prone position to assess lumbar extension and in the sitting position to assess lumbar flexion. The molded curve will then be traced onto paper to calculate the lumbar lordosis angle and curvature index. Changes in lumbar curvature values will be compared between groups to determine the effects of the interventions on spinal alignment. The unit of measurement will be degrees. |
Not provided
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Suci Wahyu Ismiyasa | Contact | +6285219163441 | suciwahyuismiyasa@gmail.com | |
| Zarina Zahari, PhD | Contact | +6013204170 | zarinazahari@uitm.edu.my |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Suci Wahyu Ismiyasa, M.Erg | Universiti Teknologi Mara | Principal Investigator |
| Zarina Zahari, PhD | Universiti Teknologi Mara | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta | Recruiting | Depok | West Java | 16514 | Indonesia |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D017116 | Low Back Pain |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001416 | Back Pain |
| D010146 | Pain |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015444 | Exercise |
| D004522 | Educational Status |
| D003376 | Counseling |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| D009068 | Movement |
| D009142 | Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena |
| D055687 | Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena |
Not provided
Not provided
Participants will be randomly assigned into three parallel intervention groups that differ in the components of the office worker's program they receive. The three groups will run concurrently throughout the study period. Exercise group will receive a combined intervention consisting of an exercise program, posture education, and standing advice. Education group will receive posture education and a standing advice. Control Group will receive only the standing advice as a minimal intervention control. Each participant remains in their assigned group for the duration of the study, and outcomes will be compared across groups to evaluate the relative effectiveness of each intervention combination.
Not provided
Not provided
No masking was performed. The study is open-label, and neither participants nor investigators were blinded to group assignment due to the nature of the intervention.
Not provided
|
| Education | Behavioral | An educational ergonomic intervention delivered using an illustrated posture guidance poster. Participants receive instruction on proper sitting posture, workstation alignment, neutral spine position, and strategies to reduce lumbar strain during daily office activities. Education is delivered at baseline with follow-up reminders throughout the 12-week study period. |
|
|
| Advice | Behavioral | A behavioral intervention in which participants are advised to take regular standing breaks to reduce prolonged sitting. Participants are instructed to stand for short intervals periodically during working hours, supported by scheduled reminders. No exercise or posture education materials are included in this intervention. |
|
| Baseline and Week 12 |
| Sphygmomanometer Pressure Test to measure Core Stability | Core stability will be assessed using a sphygmomanometer pressure biofeedback test. Participants will be positioned sitting, with the cuff placed behind the lumbar region and inflated to a baseline pressure of 40 mmHg. Changes in pressure during controlled abdominal drawing-in maneuvers will be recorded. Smaller pressure deviations indicate better core muscle activation and stability. Core stability scores will be compared between groups to evaluate the effectiveness of each intervention. The unit of measurement will be millimeters of mercury (mmHg). | Baseline and Week 12 |
| Short Form-36 (SF-36) to measure quality of life | Quality of life will be assessed using the Short Form-36 (SF-36) questionnaire, which measures eight health domains: physical functioning, role limitations due to physical health, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, role limitations due to emotional problems, and mental health. Each domain is scored from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better health status. Changes in SF-36 scores will be compared between groups to determine the impact of the interventions on overall quality of life. | Baseline and Week 12 |
| Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) to measure stress | Stress levels will be assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), a validated self-report questionnaire that measures the degree to which situations in a participant's life are appraised as stressful. Participants complete the 10-item PSS, with each item scored on a 0-4 scale. Higher total scores indicate higher perceived stress. Changes in PSS scores will be compared between the three study groups to evaluate the effect of the interventions on stress reduction. | Baseline and Week 12 |
| Rapid Office Strain Assessment (ROSA) to measure ergonomics | Ergonomic risk will be evaluated using the Rapid Office Strain Assessment (ROSA), a validated observational tool designed to assess risk factors associated with office workstation setup. The ROSA score is calculated based on chair design, monitor height, keyboard/mouse position, posture, and duration of exposure to each risk factor. Higher scores indicate greater ergonomic risk. Changes in ROSA scores will be compared between groups to determine whether the interventions improve workstation ergonomics and reduce musculoskeletal risk factors. | Baseline and Week 12 |
| Lumbar Trunk Muscle Endurance Tests to measure endurance | Lumbar trunk muscle endurance will be assessed using three standardized endurance tests, the unit of measurement per item will be second:
Longer hold times indicate better muscle endurance. Changes in endurance times will be compared between groups to determine the effectiveness of the interventions. | Baseline and Week 12 |
| Surface Electromyography (sEMG) to measure muscle fatigue | Muscle fatigue will be assessed using surface electromyography (sEMG) recorded from the lumbar extensor muscles during a standardized isometric contraction task. sEMG signals will be analyzed for median frequency (MF) and root mean square (RMS) changes. A decrease in MF and an increase in RMS over time indicate greater muscle fatigue. Differences in sEMG-derived fatigue indicators will be compared between intervention groups to determine the effect of the programs on lumbar muscle fatigue. The unit of measurement will be microvolts (µV). | Baseline and Week 12 |
| Sit-and-Reach Test to measure flexibility | Flexibility will be assessed using the Sit-and-Reach Test, which measures hamstring and lower back flexibility. Participants sit on the floor with legs extended and reach forward along a standardized measurement box. The distance reached (in centimeters) is recorded, with greater reach indicating better flexibility. Changes in Sit-and-Reach scores will be compared between groups to evaluate the effects of the interventions on flexibility. The unit of measurement will be centimeters. | Baseline and Week 12 |
| D013568 |
| Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D012959 | Socioeconomic Factors |
| D011154 | Population Characteristics |
| D008605 | Mental Health Services |
| D004191 | Behavioral Disciplines and Activities |
| D003153 | Community Health Services |
| D006296 | Health Services |
| D005159 | Health Care Facilities Workforce and Services |