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The goal of this study is to investigate the acute effects of drop-landing exercise on the bone metabolism biomarkers and extracellular vesicles in healthy young males, in order to gain a deeper understanding of the mechanotransduction mechanisms involved in bone metabolism.
The main question aims to answer:
• Does a single bout acute drop-landing exercise change serum sclerostin, other bone signaling markers, and circulating extracellular vesicles levels?
Participants complete both the drop-landing and control trials in a randomized order, with a minimum washout period of one week between trials. During each trial, blood samples are collected at three time points: pre-, immediately post, and 1-hour post drop-landing/control exercise.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arm Drop-landing + Control | Experimental | According to the results of random allocation, participants first perform the drop-landing trial, followed by the control trial, with a minimum interval of one week between the two trials. |
|
| Arm Control + Drop-landing | Experimental | According to the results of random allocation, participants first perform the control trial, followed by the drop-landing trial, with a minimum interval of one week between the two trials. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise | Behavioral | During the drop-landing trial, participants perform drop-landing exercises from a block calibrated to generate approximately four times their body weight in vertical ground reaction force upon landing, employing a stiff-landing technique. Each repetition is separated by a 30-second interval, and 10 repetitions are performed as 1 set, totalling 6 sets. There is a 2-minute rest break between each set, during which the participants are asked to sit on a chair. The entire drop-landing exercise is recorded on the force plate. During the control trial, participants are required to walk up and down from the same height block without the requirement to perform the drop-landing movement. The number of repetitions, intervals, and rest breaks are completely consistent with the drop-landing exercise. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Serum sclerostin concentration | Serum sclerostin concentration is quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reported in picograms per milliliter (pg/mL). | Blood samples are collected at pre- (baseline), immediately post, 1-hour post drop-landing/control exercise in main trials. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Serum dickkopf Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor 1 (DKK1) concentration | Serum DKK1 concentration is quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reported in picograms per milliliter (pg/mL). | Blood samples are collected at pre- (baseline), immediately post, 1-hour post drop-landing/control exercise in main trials. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Katherine Brooke-Wavell | Loughborough University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Loughborough University | Loughborough | Leicestershire | LE11 3TU | United Kingdom |
Once the analysis is complete and the planned analyses are published, the investigators will consider sharing anonymized IPD upon request, subject to the necessary agreements.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001519 | Behavior |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015444 | Exercise |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| D009068 | Movement |
| D009142 | Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena |
| D055687 | Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena |
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|
| Serum osteoprotegerin (OPG) concentration |
Serum OPG concentration is quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reported in picograms per milliliter (pg/mL). |
| Blood samples are collected at pre- (baseline), immediately post, 1-hour post drop-landing/control exercise in main trials. |
| Serum irisin concentration | Serum irisin concentration is quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reported in picograms per milliliter (pg/mL). | Blood samples are collected at pre- (baseline), immediately post, 1-hour post drop-landing/control exercise in main trials. |
| Circulating extracellular vesicle (EV) particle concentration and size | EVs are isolated from plasma using ultracentrifugation. EV particle concentration is quantified by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and reported as particles per milliliter (particles/mL). EV size is also assessed by NTA and reported in nanometers (nm). | Blood samples are collected at pre- (baseline), immediately post, 1-hour post drop-landing/control exercise in main trials. |
| Ground reaction force during drop-landing exercise | Ground reaction force is recorded in newtons (N) during each drop-landing exercise using a force plate in the drop-landing trial. Ground reaction force is reported in multiples of body weight (×BW). | Ground reaction force is recorded during each drop-landing exercise. |