Junior high school students are in a critical period of physical and mental development, currently facing two major health challenges: first, persistently high rates of myopia with a noticeable trend toward younger onset; second, the overlapping occurrence of common conditions such as overweight/obesity, spinal deformities, and psychological anxiety.Traditional physical education classes, characterized by limited content and insufficient targeting, struggle to address these issues. Multimorbidity of common diseases in children and adolescents refers to the coexistence of two or more common diseases or chronic health problems in the same individual.

Therefore, this study innovatively designed a specialized physical education curriculum integrating "exercise + health education," aiming to fill the gap in comprehensive prevention and control of common adolescent health conditions through traditional physical interventions.

This study systematically investigated the effects of a specialized physical education intervention program on myopia prevention and control, as well as the simultaneous prevention of multiple common health conditions (overweight/obesity, abnormal blood pressure, insufficient cardiorespiratory fitness, abnormal spinal curvature, anxiety symptoms, and depression symptoms) among junior high school students in China. The program was designed and implemented for students at a Chinese secondary school, ultimately aiming to provide a replicable school-based physical education intervention model for adolescent health promotion. The study strictly adhered to a randomized controlled design, employing multidimensional evaluation, long-term follow-up, and rigorous quality control to ensure scientific validity and reliability of the findings.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Individuals who voluntarily participate in this study and whose parents or guardians voluntarily sign the informed consent form.
• Individuals capable of cooperating to complete measurements of all indicators throughout the entire intervention cycle.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Individuals with eye conditions such as glaucoma, strabismus, or anisometropia.
• Wearers of orthokeratology lenses.
• Individuals who have undergone refractive surgery.
• Individuals who have taken weight-loss medications or undergone weight-loss surgery.
• Individuals with obesity caused by endocrine disorders or medication side effects.
• Individuals with mental health disorders.
• Individuals currently taking medications for mental health disorders.