Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| University of Arizona | OTHER |
| Help Texts | INDUSTRY |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
The proposed study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Help Texts, a weekly text-based program, among bereaved students at UCLA. Specifically, the study will evaluate whether Help Texts reduces grief severity and symptoms of depression, and whether it improves academic functioning (e.g., graduation, grades, student enrollment retention).
The investigators hypothesize that bereaved UCLA students who receive a 12-month Help Texts weekly digital text intervention will have reduced grief severity and depressive symptoms and increased academic functioning compared to bereaved UCLA students in a waitlist control condition receiving treatment as usual (i.e., list of resources for grief).
Participants will complete surveys at four timepoints: baseline and 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months following enrollment. They will be randomly assigned to either the treatment condition (receive 12-month Help Texts subscription at enrollment) or the waitlist control condition (receive list of resources for grief at enrollment, and receive 12-month Help Texts subscription at 6 months following enrollment). The Help Texts program involves texts offering psychoeducation related to grief and coping strategies, delivered twice weekly.
Grief and loss are common occurrences among students on college campuses but are inadequately addressed and associated with a number of negative outcomes. A mixed methods study of grieving students on a large campus found that 60% of those surveyed within a 3-year period at UCLA reported experiencing the loss of a loved one, but only 8% reported using campus resources to aid them during their grief, and only 38% sought resources off-campus (e.g., therapy, support groups, psychiatry). Numerous barriers to accessing grief support resources have been identified, including not knowing about them or perceiving them to be inadequate. Moreover, over one-third of participants interviewed in the study noted stigma associated with help-seeking. Despite a high prevalence of experiences of grief among students, resource utilization for supporting bereavement remains low.
Help Texts offers text message-based grief support, overcoming the barriers of access and stigma by providing up to a year of private, evidence-based grief support developed by clinical psychologists. Help Texts is an established company (specifically, a Public Benefit Corporation) and is currently in use. It was founded in 2018 and comprises a fully remote, 7-person team with over 100+ additional Expert Contributors providing expertise on different types of loss (e.g., the loss of a sibling, child, parent, partner; loss to cancer, dementia, suicide, COVID-19, etc); and the unique risks associated with being a caregiver, veteran, or member of the LGBTQIA2S+ or Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) communities. Help Texts is delivering support in 57 countries, in all 50 states in the U.S., and in 27 languages.
Help Texts provides twice-weekly, one-way texts offering basic grief education by normalizing and validating the grief experience and then offering tips for coping within various themes around grief. Preliminary evidence suggests that bereaved users of HelpTexts have found it supportive; 95% of all users rated their satisfaction with HelpTexts as a 4 or 5 out of 5 and found the text messages helpful. The proposed study is a randomized control trial that aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Help Texts to grieving students at UCLA in reducing grief severity and symptoms of depression, preventing prolonged grief and major depressive disorder, and in improving quality of life and occupational functioning (e.g., graduation, grades, student enrollment retention).
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Waitlist Control with Treatment as Usual | Other | At study enrollment, participants receive treatment as usual--a list of resources relevant to grief. At 6 months following study enrollment, participants will receive a 12-month subscription to Help Texts, a text-based intervention that delivers two texts per week providing bereavement psychoeducation, validation, and coping strategies. |
|
| Treatment | Active Comparator | At study enrollment, participants will receive a 12-month subscription to Help Texts, a text- based intervention that delivers two texts per week providing bereavement psychoeducation, validation, and coping strategies. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| list of resources for grief | Behavioral | Participants will receive treatment as usual, consisting of a list of resources for coping with grief both on-campus and off-campus |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Prolonged Grief Disorder-Revised (PG-13-R) | PG-13-R measures symptoms of Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD) mapping onto the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual's conceptualization of clinical grief. The measure assesses symptoms such as yearning for the deceased close person, avoiding reminders of their death, and feelings of loneliness in relation to the death. Each item is rated from 1 (Not at all) to 5 (Overwhelmingly). Total scores range from 10 to 50, with higher scores representing more severe prolonged grief. | 0 months, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months following enrollment |
| Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-3) | The PHQ-3 measures symptoms of depression over the last 2 weeks, including loss of interest in things, feeling down or hopeless, and feeling tired. Each item is rated from 0 (Not at all) to 3 (Nearly every day). Total scores range from 0 to 9, with higher scores representing more severe symptoms of depression. | 0 months, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months following enrollment |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Academic Functioning - GPA | Participants' current overall GPA will be measured. From highest to lowest, the GPA options will be the following: A+, A, A-, B+, B, B-, C+, C, C-, D+ or below, with A+ representing the highest possible current overall GPA. | 0 months, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months following enrollment |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) | The GAD-7 will assess symptoms of generalized anxiety over the past 2 weeks consistent with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual's conceptualization of generalized anxiety. It will assess symptoms such as being unable to control worrying and having difficulty relaxing. Items will be scored from 0 (Not at all) to 3 (Nearly every day). Total scores will range from 0 to 21, with higher scores indicating more severe symptoms of generalized anxiety. |
Inclusion Criteria:
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Michelle Chang, M.A., C.Phil | Contact | (323) 284-4695 | changmichelle@g.ucla.edu | |
| Theodore F. Robles, Ph.D. | Contact | (310) 794-9362 | robles@psych.ucla.edu |
Not provided
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Franz Hall | Recruiting | Los Angeles | California | 90095 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 38573792 | Result | Levesque DA, Lunardini MM, Adams SN, Payne EL, Neumann BG. Grief Coach: Feasibility and acceptability of a text message program for bereavement support among grievers in the United Kingdom. Death Stud. 2025;49(4):391-402. doi: 10.1080/07481187.2024.2334080. Epub 2024 Apr 4. | |
| Result | Chang M, Panda S, Tajrian M, Kim WI, Dunkel Schetter C, Robles TF. Bereavement, resource utilization, and collective grieving since the COVID pandemic: Mixed-methods study of university students and staff. 2024. | ||
| Result | Varga MA, Lanier B, Biber D, Stewart B. Holistic Grief Effects, Mental Health, and Counseling Support in Bereaved College Students. College Student Affairs Journal. 2021;39(1):1-13. doi: 10.1353/csj.2021.0000. | ||
| 34162233 |
Not provided
Not provided
Our data will be securely managed by members of our research team and will not be shared with members outside of our research team. Findings from our research will be summarized and shared such that participants are not individually identifiable. Should other collaborators desire to access our data, they will need to be aligned with the goals of our research and added and approved to our IRB protocol.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
The treatment group will receive the Help Texts intervention at baseline, whereas the waitlist control group will receive treatment as usual (list of resources for grief) at baseline. At 6 months, the waitlist control group will receive the Help Texts intervention as well.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| text-based intervention for grief | Behavioral | Help Texts delivers texts twice a week over a period of 12-months to provide psychoeducation, validation, and coping strategies relevant to bereavement. The The texts offer some customization in specifying the name of the participant and their deceased loved one, as well as providing texts relevant to the participants' cause of bereavement and relationship to their deceased loved one. |
|
|
| Academic Functioning - Negative Impacts to Academic Performance |
The investigators will assess the number of days that participants felt that emotional or mental difficulties hurt their academic performance. Participants can select the following options: None (0), 1-2 days (1), 3-5 days (2), 6 or more days (3), with scores ranging from 0 to 3. Higher scores indicate more days that participants felt their academic performance was hurt by their emotional or mental difficulties. |
| 0 months, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months following enrollment |
| Academic Functioning - Class Enrollment Status | Participants will indicate whether or not they are currently registered for classes at UCLA. They will respond Yes (1) or No (0), with a higher score indicating that they are currently registered for classes. | 0 months, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months following enrollment |
| Academic Functioning - Dropped Course | Another academic outcome measured will be whether or not participants dropped a course in the past quarter. This will be dichotomously scored as Yes (1) or No (0), with a higher score indicating endorsement of having dropped a course in the past quarter. | 0 months, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months following enrollment |
| 0 months, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months following enrollment |
| Result |
| Sirrine EH, Kliner O, Gollery TJ. College Student Experiences of Grief and Loss Amid the COVID-19 Global Pandemic. Omega (Westport). 2023 Aug;87(3):745-764. doi: 10.1177/00302228211027461. Epub 2021 Jun 23. |
| Result | Jones S, Martini M. Sense of self, depression and adaption to grief, in emerging adults who suffered parental loss. Current Psychology. 2023;42(7):5212-25. doi: 10.1007/s12144-021-01843-z. |