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The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of an internet-based self-help intervention for older adults with prolonged grief symptoms after spousal bereavement or separation/divorce. The study design is a randomized trial with a waiting control condition of 12 weeks and a follow-up after 6 months. The investigators will test the following main hypotheses:
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Internet-based self-help | Experimental | The self-help programme consists of 10 text-based sessions and one supportive E-Mail a week. The programme employs cognitive-behavioural interventions. The theoretical background is the Dual Process Model by Stroebe and Schutt (1999). |
|
| Waiting control group | No Intervention |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Internet-based self-help | Other | 10 internet-based self-help sessions plus one supportive email a week with a cognitive-behavioural background |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Grief symptoms | Texas Revised Inventory of Grief (German version, Znoj,2008; Faschingbauer, 1981) | 12 weeks after the start of the intervention |
| Psychological distress | Brief Symptom Inventory (German version, Franke, 2000) | 12 weeks after the start of the intervention |
| Grief symptoms | Texas Revised Inventory of Grief (German version, Znoj,2008; Faschingbauer, 1981) | 6 months after the start of the intervention |
| Psychological distress | Brief Symptom Inventory (German version, Franke, 2000) | 6 months after the start of the intervention |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Depression symptoms | Beck Depression Inventory II (German version, Hautzinger, Kühne & Keller, 2006) | 12 weeks after the start of the intervention |
| Depression symptoms | Beck Depression Inventory II (German version, Hautzinger, Kühne & Keller, 2006) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Hans J Znoj, Professor | University of Bern, Switzerland | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Bern | Bern | 3012 | Switzerland |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 35522459 | Derived | Brodbeck J, Berger T, Biesold N, Rockstroh F, Schmidt SJ, Znoj H. The Role of Emotion Regulation and Loss-Related Coping Self-efficacy in an Internet Intervention for Grief: Mediation Analysis. JMIR Ment Health. 2022 May 6;9(5):e27707. doi: 10.2196/27707. | |
| 31003114 | Derived | Brodbeck J, Berger T, Biesold N, Rockstroh F, Znoj HJ. Evaluation of a guided internet-based self-help intervention for older adults after spousal bereavement or separation/divorce: A randomised controlled trial. J Affect Disord. 2019 Jun 1;252:440-449. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.04.008. Epub 2019 Apr 8. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003863 | Depression |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001526 | Behavioral Symptoms |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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| 6 months after the start of the intervention |
| Satisfaction with life | Satisfaction with life scale (German version, Schumacher, 2003) | 12 weeks after the start of the intervention |
| Satisfaction with life | Satisfaction with life scale (German version, Schumacher, 2003) | 6 months after the start of the intervention |
| Embitterment | Embitterment questionnaire (Znoj &, Schyder, 2014) | 12 weeks after the start of the intervention |
| Embitterment | Embitterment questionnaire (Znoj &, Schyder, 2014) | 6 months after the start of the intervention |
| 28086836 | Derived | Brodbeck J, Berger T, Znoj HJ. An internet-based self-help intervention for older adults after marital bereavement, separation or divorce: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2017 Jan 13;18(1):21. doi: 10.1186/s13063-016-1759-5. |