The goal of this observational study or clinical trial is to evaluate interleukin-6 (IL-6) and lactate levels in maternal and cord blood to identify early signs of fetal inflammation or infection.

Two groups of women with full-term pregnancies will be compared: • Case group (SOFI): women with a cardiotocograph (CTG) pattern suspicious for fetal infection/inflammation • Control group (NEFI): women with a normal cardiotocograph (CTG) pattern without signs of inflammation. The primary outcome is to evaluate whether IL-6 levels detected in the umbilical artery, alone or in combination with maternal IL-6 values, are associated with a cardiotocograph (CTG) pattern suggestive of fetal inflammation and/or a clinical picture suggestive of chorioamnionitis. Identifying a possible correlation between IL-6/lactate levels and fetal inflammatory status could facilitate more timely treatment of at-risk infants in the future, contributing to the reduction of adverse outcomes both in the neonatal period and in the long-term.

Secondary outcome are: -Comparison of fetal and maternal IL-6 levels between infants with a composite adverse outcome; - Comparison of fetal and maternal IL-6 levels in patients with and without signs of histological chorioamnionitis.

Inclusion Criteria:

SOFI case group:

• Women with gestational age >37 weeks who access the delivery room of the Obstetrics and Obstetric Pathology Unit for labor.
• Single fetus in cephalic presentation
• Age ≥18 years
• Presence of CTG characteristics associated with fetal inflammation/infection (fetal heart rate (fetal heart rate (FHR) >150 bpm with gestational age >40 weeks or a 10% increase in FHR, absence of cycling, fetal tachycardia >=160 bpm, variability <5 bpm)
• Signed informed consent form by the patient.

NEFI control group:

• Women with gestation >37 weeks who access the delivery room of the Obstetrics and Obstetric Pathology Unit for labor.
• Single fetus in cephalic presentation.
• Age ≥18 years.
• Patients with a CTG tracing that does not show features associated with fetal inflammation/infection (fetal heart rate (FHR) between 110-150 bpm, normal cycling, and normal variability between 5 and 25 bpm).
• Patient signed informed consent form.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Failure to sign informed consent
• Intrauterine fetal death
• Congenital fetal and/or chromosomal abnormalities
• Maternal cardiac abnormalities and/or cardiac therapy and/or therapy with a direct effect on maternal heart rate (e.g., labetalol, digoxin)
• Twin or multiple pregnancy

pregnant women

Case group - SOFI: Women in labor at term with a CTG showing criteria "Suggestive for Fetal Inflammation." Control group - NEFI: Women in labor at term with a CTG showing no inflammation/infection characteristics.