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This randomized controlled clinical trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a Leap Motion-based virtual reality rehabilitation program in patients who underwent surgical repair for flexor tendon injuries of the hand (zones II-V). A total of 66 participants, aged 18-65 years and at least 5 weeks postoperative, will be randomly assigned to two groups: the intervention group will receive routine hand rehabilitation plus Leap Motion-based virtual reality therapy for 20 minutes per day, 5 days per week, for 4 weeks; while the control group will continue routine hand rehabilitation only. Outcomes will include joint range of motion measured with a goniometer, pain intensity assessed with a Visual Analog Scale (VAS), grip strength measured with a Jamar dynamometer, and functional outcomes assessed using the QuickDASH questionnaire. The primary endpoint is the change in range of motion, grip strength, and QuickDASH score from baseline to post-treatment. Secondary endpoints include changes in upper extremity function and pain tolerance. All interventions will be delivered under therapist supervision. This study is expected to provide evidence on whether integrating Leap Motion-based virtual reality into conventional rehabilitation improves clinical outcomes after flexor tendon repair.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental | Experimental | Arm Title: Leap Motion + Routine Hand Rehabilitation Description: Participants receive standard postoperative hand rehabilitation plus Leap Motion-based virtual reality training for 20 minutes/day, 5 days/week, for 4 weeks. Intervention Type: Device (Leap Motion-based virtual reality therapy) Other Intervention: Behavioral (Routine hand rehabilitation program) |
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| Active Comparator (Control) | Active Comparator | Arm 2 - Active Comparator (Control) Arm Title: Routine Hand Rehabilitation Only Description: Participants receive only routine postoperative hand rehabilitation for 1 hour/day, 5 days/week, for 4 weeks. Intervention Type: Behavioral (Routine hand rehabilitation program) |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leap Motion-based Virtual Reality Therapy | Device | Arm 1 - Experimental (Leap Motion + Routine Hand Rehabilitation) Intervention Description: Participants will receive standard postoperative hand rehabilitation plus Leap Motion-based virtual reality training. The VR training will be performed for 20 minutes per day, 5 days per week, for 4 weeks, in addition to routine rehabilitation. The Leap Motion Controller tracks hand and finger movements without physical contact and allows participants to practice functional tasks and grasp patterns in a virtual environment. Arm 2 - Active Comparator (Routine Hand Rehabilitation Only) Intervention Description: Participants will receive only routine postoperative hand rehabilitation, performed for 1 hour per day, 5 days per week, for 4 weeks, supervised by a therapist. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Upper limb disability/function | Functional disability of the upper limb assessed with the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire. In the Q-DASH, a higher score indicates worse outcome, while a lower score indicates better outcome. | Baseline and 4 weeks post-treatment |
| Joint range of motion (ROM) | Assessed with a manual goniometer. Comparison between baseline and after 4 weeks of treatment. A higher ROM indicates a better clinical condition. | Baseline and 4 weeks post-treatment |
| Grip strength | Assessed using a Jamar hand dynamometer. | Baseline and 4 weeks post-treatment |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Age between 18 and 65 years
Flexor tendon injury of the hand (zones II-V)
Early surgical repair completed
At least 5 weeks postoperative
Eligible for routine hand rehabilitation program
Exclusion Criteria:
Communication problems
Cognitive impairment
Additional musculoskeletal, neurological, or rheumatological diseases affecting upper extremity function
Multiple trauma cases
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| Active Comparator - Routine Rehabilitation Only | Other | Participants will receive only routine postoperative hand rehabilitation, performed for 1 hour per day, 5 days per week, for 4 weeks, supervised by a therapist. |
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